Yan Z, Wang H, Mu L, Hu ZD, Zheng WQ. Regulatory roles of extracellular vesicles in immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9(25): 7311-7318 [PMID: 34616797 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i25.7311]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Wen-Qi Zheng, MD, Research Scientist, Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 Tongdao North Street, Huimin District, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. zhengwenqi2011@163.com
Research Domain of This Article
Immunology
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Clin Cases. Sep 6, 2021; 9(25): 7311-7318 Published online Sep 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i25.7311
Regulatory roles of extracellular vesicles in immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Zhi Yan, Hua Wang, Lan Mu, Zhi-De Hu, Wen-Qi Zheng
Zhi Yan, Hua Wang, Zhi-De Hu, Wen-Qi Zheng, Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
Zhi Yan, Hua Wang, Lan Mu, Wen-Qi Zheng, Department of Parasitology, the College of Basic Medical Sciences of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
Author contributions: Zheng WQ and Hu ZD conceived and designed the study; Yan Z, Wang H, and Mu L drafted the manuscript; Zheng WQ and Hu ZD reviewed and edited the manuscript; all authors read the final manuscript and approved its submission.
Supported byNatural Science Foundation of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for Distinguished Young Scholars, No. 2020JQ07; General Programs of Natural Science Foundation of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. 2020MS08126; and "Zhiyuan" Talent Project of the Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. ZY0130013.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Wen-Qi Zheng, MD, Research Scientist, Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 Tongdao North Street, Huimin District, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. zhengwenqi2011@163.com
Received: April 14, 2021 Peer-review started: April 14, 2021 First decision: May 11, 2021 Revised: May 16, 2021 Accepted: August 4, 2021 Article in press: August 4, 2021 Published online: September 6, 2021 Processing time: 138 Days and 23.9 Hours
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cystic vesicles naturally released by most mammalian cells and bacteria. EV contents include proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. EVs can act as messengers to transmit a variety of molecules to recipient cells and thus play important regulatory roles in intercellular signal transduction. EVs, released by either a host cell or a pathogen, can carry pathogen-associated antigens and thus act as modulators of immune responses. EVs derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected cells can regulate the innate immune response through various pathways, such as regulating the release of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, EVs can mediate antigen presentation and regulate the adaptive immune response by transmitting immunoregulatory molecules to T helper cells. In this review, we summarize the regulatory roles of EVs in the immune response against Mtb.
Core Tip: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-bound structures released by mammalian cells and bacteria and play essential regulatory roles in intercellular signal transduction and the immune response. In this review, we discuss the regulatory role of EVs released by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected cells in the anti-Mtb immune response. Specifically, we focus on providing the most cutting-edge information on EVs released by Mtb-infected cells regulating the body’s immune response, including the regulatory roles in innate and acquired immune responses. In addition, we describe the basis for EV-mediated regulation of the immune response in detail, i.e., the EVs released by Mtb-infected host cells contain Mtb-associated antigens.
