Ficek K, Cyganik P, Rajca J, Racut A, Kiełtyka A, Grzywocz J, Hajduk G. Stress fractures in uncommon location: Six case reports and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8(18): 4135-4150 [PMID: 33024772 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i18.4135]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Krzysztof Ficek, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Science, Innovation and Development, Galen-Orthopaedics, Jerzego 6, Bierun 43-150, Poland. krzysztof.ficek@galen.pl
Research Domain of This Article
Orthopedics
Article-Type of This Article
Case Report
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Clin Cases. Sep 26, 2020; 8(18): 4135-4150 Published online Sep 26, 2020. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i18.4135
Stress fractures in uncommon location: Six case reports and review of the literature
Krzysztof Ficek, Paulina Cyganik, Jolanta Rajca, Agnieszka Racut, Aleksandra Kiełtyka, Jerzy Grzywocz, Grzegorz Hajduk
Krzysztof Ficek, Jolanta Rajca, Agnieszka Racut, Grzegorz Hajduk, Department of Science, Innovation and Development, Galen-Orthopaedics, Bierun 43-150, Poland
Krzysztof Ficek, Department of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice 40-065, Poland
Paulina Cyganik, Industry Cooperation Department, University of Silesia, Katowice 40-007, Poland
Jerzy Grzywocz, Department of Spine Surgery, District Hospital of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Piekary Śląskie 41-940, Poland
Author contributions: Ficek K conceived and designed the study and wrote the manuscript; Cyganik P wrote manuscript; Rajca J collected the patients’ clinical data; Racut A carried out the literature search; Kieltyka A analyzed patients’ data and provided the figures; Grzywocz J carried out the literature search; Hajduk G revised the manuscript for important intellectual content.
Informed consent statement: Informed written consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this report and accompanying images.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
CARE Checklist (2016) statement: The authors have read the CARE Checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CARE Checklist (2016).
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Krzysztof Ficek, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Science, Innovation and Development, Galen-Orthopaedics, Jerzego 6, Bierun 43-150, Poland. krzysztof.ficek@galen.pl
Received: April 21, 2020 Peer-review started: April 24, 2020 First decision: May 15, 2020 Revised: July 22, 2020 Accepted: August 20, 2020 Article in press: August 20, 2020 Published online: September 26, 2020 Processing time: 150 Days and 16.9 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Individuals’ interest in sports activities has been increasing, contributing to more stress fracture occurrences in uncommon locations on the skeleton. In this study, several cases of stress fractures in atypical locations are presented, and the possibility of combining diagnostic methods to make accurate and quick diagnoses is explored. Additionally, different causes of stress fractures, as well as various modalities of treatment, are highlighted. Other potential factors of stress fractures were identified by a literature review.
CASE SUMMARY
Six cases of stress fractures in the calcaneus, intermediate cuneiform bone, sacrum, tibia (bilateral), navicular bone and femoral neck are presented, with different types of diagnostic imaging and treatments. All of the cases were associated with an aspect of mobility because all of the patients were physically active in various sport disciplines.
CONCLUSION
The type of therapeutic procedure selected should depend on the specific clinical case, i.e., the patient’s condition and level of physical activity.
Core Tip: The cause of stress fracture is multifactorial and difficult to diagnose, particularly when it occurs in uncommon locations. This case report demonstrates the different possible locations and causes of stress fractures, as well as the various methods used to diagnose and treat these fractures. Here we show that the cause of stress fractures, except for well-known factors, may also lie in motor skill development. It also highlights that treatments should be individualized according to each patient’s clinical condition.
