Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Dec 26, 2019; 7(24): 4208-4217
Published online Dec 26, 2019. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i24.4208
Intact, pie-crusting and repairing the posterior cruciate ligament in posterior cruciate ligament-retaining total knee arthroplasty: A 5-year follow-up
De-Si Ma, Liang Wen, Zhi-Wei Wang, Bo Zhang, Shi-Xiang Ren, Yuan Lin
De-Si Ma, Liang Wen, Zhi-Wei Wang, Bo Zhang, Shi-Xiang Ren, Yuan Lin, Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
Author contributions: Ma DS analyzed the data and wrote the first draft of the manuscript; Wen L designed the research and provided guidance for the study; Wang ZW, Ren SX and Zhang B contributed to the acquisition of data and interpretation of data. Yuan Lin performed the surgeries.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University (No. 12-70).
Informed consent statement: All study participants provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset available from the corresponding author. No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Liang Wen, MD, PhD, Associate Chief Physician, Doctor, Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China. wenliang@ccmu.edu.cn
Telephone: +86-10-85231228
Received: September 29, 2019
Peer-review started: September 29, 2019
First decision: November 21, 2019
Revised: November 25, 2019
Accepted: November 30, 2019
Article in press: November 30, 2019
Published online: December 26, 2019
Abstract
BACKGROUND

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is important for cruciate-retaining (CR) total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Whether the entire PCL should be retained during CR-TKA is controversial.

AIM

To evaluate the clinical outcomes of PCL preservation in CR-TKA and the methods used to deal with the PCL during surgery.

METHODS

A retrospective review of patients with osteoarthritis undergoing primary CR-TKA (176 patients, 205 knees) in our institution between March 2012 and March 2014 was performed. A PCL protector was used to preserve the intact PCL bone block. The status of the PCL was recorded during surgery. Intact PCL preserved, pie-crusting and repairing were used to balance the tension of the PCL. Range of motion (ROM) and the Knee Society Clinical Rating system (KSS) were evaluated preoperatively and at the endpoint of follow-up.

RESULTS

The mean ROM of the knee was 103.2 ± 17.2°, KSS clinical score was 47.6 ± 9.5 and KSS functional score was 46.3 ± 11.9 before surgery. The mean ROM of the knee was 117.5 ± 9.7°, KSS clinical score was 89.2 ± 3.6 and KSS functional score was 84.6 ± 9.8 at 5 years follow-up. ROM, KSS clinical scores and KSS functional scores were significantly improved after surgery (P < 0.01). Thirty-two (23.7%) TKAs involved PCL pie-crusting and 18 (13.3%) involved PCL repair. Eighty-five (63.0%) TKAs applied standard operating procedures and preserved intact PCL. At 5 years follow-up, in the intact PCL group, the mean ROM of the knee was 118.0 ± 8.3°, KSS clinical score was 89.1 ± 3.7 and KSS functional score was 84.9 ± 9.6. In the PCL pie-crusting group, mean ROM of the knee was 114.0 ± 13.5°, KSS clinical score was 88.8 ± 3.4 and KSS functional score was 83.8 ± 10.5. In the PCL repair group, mean ROM of the knee was 120.3 ± 7.0°, KSS clinical score was 89.0 ± 3.6 and KSS functional score was 89.4 ± 4.5. There were no significant differences in ROM, KSS clinical scores and KSS functional scores among the three groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The clinical outcomes of preserving the PCL in CR-TKA are encouraging. Pie-crusting and PCL repair do not affect the function. The PCL protector effectively protected the PCL bone block.

Keywords: Knee, Total knee arthroplasty, Posterior cruciate ligament, Knee function, Range of motion

Core tip: The number of cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty (CR-TKA) is increasing. Whether the entire posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) should be retained during CR-TKA is controversial. The PCL protector can effectively protect the PCL bone block. Application of the PCL protector is described in this study, and the methods used to balance the tension of the PCL (pie-crusting and repairing) are reported. The strategy for a tight PCL in CR-TKA is summarized. The clinical outcomes are evaluated by range of motion and Knee Society Clinical Rating system scores.