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World J Clin Cases. May 16, 2018; 6(5): 64-73
Published online May 16, 2018. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i5.64
New insights of Helicobacter pylori host-pathogen interactions: The triangle of virulence factors, epigenetic modifications and non-coding RNAs
Farzam Vaziri, Samira Tarashi, Abolfazl Fateh, Seyed Davar Siadat
Farzam Vaziri, Samira Tarashi, Abolfazl Fateh, Seyed Davar Siadat, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
Farzam Vaziri, Samira Tarashi, Abolfazl Fateh, Seyed Davar Siadat, Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
Author contributions: All authors contributed to the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Farzam Vaziri, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 12th Farvardin Ave, Jomhhoori St, Tehran 1316943551, Iran. f_vaziri@pasteur.ac.ir
Telephone: +98-21-64112823 Fax: +98-21-64112213
Received: January 14, 2018
Peer-review started: January 15, 2018
First decision: January 22, 2018
Revised: February 9, 2018
Accepted: March 7, 2018
Article in press: March 7, 2018
Published online: May 16, 2018
Processing time: 121 Days and 12.2 Hours
Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a model organism for understanding host-pathogen interactions and infection-mediated carcinogenesis. Gastric cancer and H. pylori colonization indicates the strong correlation. The progression and exacerbation of H. pylori infection are influenced by some factors of pathogen and host. Several virulence factors involved in the proper adherence and attenuation of immune defense to contribute the risk of emerging gastric cancer, therefore analysis of them is very important. H. pylori also modulates inflammatory and autophagy process to intensify its pathogenicity. From the host regard, different genetic factors particularly affect the development of gastric cancer. Indeed, epigenetic modifications, MicroRNA and long non-coding RNA received more attention. Generally, various factors related to pathogen and host that modulate gastric cancer development in response to H. pylori need more attention due to develop an efficacious therapeutic intervention. Therefore, this paper will present a brief overview of host-pathogen interaction especially emphases on bacterial virulence factors, interruption of host cellular signaling, the role of epigenetic modifications and non-coding RNAs.

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; Epigenetic; Virulence factor; Non-coding RNAs; Host pathogen interactions

Core tip: As Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a model organism for understanding host-pathogen interactions and infection-mediated carcinogenesis, ongoing studies in this area should have broad relevance to these conditions. In this context, we tried to review salient host and pathogen factors that influence on gastric cancer in H. pylori infection with emphasis on bacterial virulence factors, interruption of host cellular signaling, the role of epigenetic modifications and non-coding RNAs.