Case Report
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Mar 16, 2015; 3(3): 327-329
Published online Mar 16, 2015. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i3.327
Rare case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in achalasia
Wei-Wei Zhang, Xiang-Jun Xie, Chang-Xin Geng, Shu-Hui Zhan
Wei-Wei Zhang, Xiang-Jun Xie, Chang-Xin Geng, Shu-Hui Zhan, Department of Gastroenterology, Municipal Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
Author contributions: Xie XJ and Zhan SH supervised the patient’s diagnosis and treatment; Zhang WW wrote the manuscript; Geng CX revised the manuscript.
Supported by A grant from the Qingdao Technology Fund.
Ethics approval: The study was reviewed and approved by the Municipal Hospital of Qingdao Institutional Review Board.
Informed consent: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest: None.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Wei-Wei Zhang, MD, Attending Doctor, Department of Gastroenterology, Municipal Hospital of Qingdao, Jiao-zhou Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China. zhangwwapple@163.com
Telephone: +86-532-88905629 Fax: +86-532-88905630
Received: August 20, 2014
Peer-review started: August 21, 2014
First decision: November 18, 2014
Revised: November 29, 2014
Accepted: January 9, 2015
Article in press: January 15, 2015
Published online: March 16, 2015
Processing time: 204 Days and 17.6 Hours
Abstract

Achalasia is a prototypic esophageal motility disorder with complications including aspiration-pneumonia, esophagitis, esophageal-tracheal fistula, spontaneous rupture of the esophagus, and squamous cell carcinoma. However, achalasia is rarely associated with esophageal stones and ulcer formation that lead to upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Here, we report the case of a 61-year-old woman who was admitted to our department after vomiting blood for six hours. Physical examination revealed that the patient had severe anemia and mild palpitation in the upper abdomen. CT revealed lower esophageal dilatation and esophageal wall thickening, and an emergency upper endoscopy showed that the esophagus was substantially expanded by a dark round stone, with multiple ulcers on the esophageal wall and a slit in the cardiac mucosa with a large clot attached. The patient’s history included ingestion of 1 kg hawthorn three days prior. The acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding was caused by Mallory-Weiss syndrome associated with achalasia and an esophageal stone. For patients with achalasia, preventing excessive ingestion of tannins is crucial to avoid complications such as bleeding and rupture.

Keywords: Achalasia; Esophageal stone; Mallory-Weiss syndrome; Upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Core tip: Achalasia is the prototypic esophageal motility disorder that leaves patients at risk for various complications. This is a rare report of long-term achalasia associated with esophageal stone and ulcer formation leading to upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by Mallory-Weiss syndrome. This paper highlights the importance of avoiding excess tannin ingestion for patients with achalasia to prevent the development of complications such as bleeding and rupture.