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©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Clinical evolution of antisynthetase syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease after COVID-19 in a man with Klinefelter syndrome: A case report
Xiang-Xiang Wu, Jian Cui, Shi-Yao Wang, Tian-Tian Zhao, Ya-Fei Yuan, Long Yang, Wei Zuo, Wen-Jian Liao
Xiang-Xiang Wu, Jian Cui, Tian-Tian Zhao, Ya-Fei Yuan, Long Yang, Wei Zuo, Wen-Jian Liao, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
Xiang-Xiang Wu, Jian Cui, Shi-Yao Wang, Ya-Fei Yuan, Long Yang, Wei Zuo, Wen-Jian Liao, China-Japan Friendship Jiangxi Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
Shi-Yao Wang, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
Co-first authors: Xiang-Xiang Wu and Jian Cui.
Co-corresponding authors: Wei Zuo and Wen-Jian Liao.
Author contributions: Wu XX and Cui J contributed equally to this manuscript; Wu XX and Cui J made substantial contributions to clinical data collection; Wang SY and Zhao TT contributed to the disease analysis; Yuan YF and Yang L drafted the manuscript; Zuo W and Liao WJ are the co-corresponding authors of this manuscript; Zuo W and Liao WJ critically revised the manuscript for literature review and edited it for clarity.
Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province, No. 20202BAB206002 and No. 20224BAB216084.
Informed consent statement: All study participants or their legal guardian provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
CARE Checklist (2016) statement: The authors have read the CARE Checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CARE Checklist (2016).
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: Wen-Jian Liao, PhD, Doctor, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China. 897854867@qq.com
Received: October 11, 2023
Peer-review started: October 11, 2023
First decision: December 5, 2023
Revised: December 13, 2023
Accepted: January 12, 2024
Article in press: January 12, 2024
Published online: February 26, 2024
BACKGROUND
This study presents a case of rapidly developing respiratory failure due to antisynthetase syndrome (AS) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a 33-year-old man diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome (KS).
CASE SUMMARY
A 33-year-old man with a diagnosis of KS was admitted to the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of a tertiary hospital in China for fever and shortness of breath 2 wk after the onset of COVID-19. Computed tomography of both lungs revealed diffuse multiple patchy heightened shadows in both lungs, accompanied by signs of partial bronchial inflation. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid suggested absence of pathogen. A biopsy specimen revealed organizing pneumonia with alveolar septal thickening. Additionally, extensive auto-antibody tests showed strong positivity for anti-SSA, anti-SSB, anti-Jo-1, and anti-Ro-52. Following multidisciplinary discussions, the patient received a final diagnosis of AS, leading to rapidly progressing respiratory failure.
CONCLUSION
This study underscores the clinical progression of AS-associated interstitial lung disease subsequent to viral infections such as COVID-19 in patients diagnosed with KS.
Core Tip: Antisynthetase syndrome (AS) presents as an idiopathic inflammatory muscle disease typified by the presence of anti-Jo1 antibodies. Mainstream treatments encompass corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Occasionally, certain rheumatic immune diseases can be precipitated by infectious diseases. Herein, we present a case detailing the rapid onset of respiratory failure due to AS subsequent to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in an individual diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome (KS). Following a multidisciplinary discussion, the conclusive diagnosis for the patient’s rapid respiratory decline was AS. This investigation accentuates the clinical progression of AS-associated interstitial lung disease following viral infections such as COVID-19 in individuals with KS.
