Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Dec 26, 2024; 12(36): 6916-6925
Published online Dec 26, 2024. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i36.6916
MiRNA-200a and miRNA-200b expression, and vitamin-D level: Prognostic significance in obese non-diabetic and obese type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals
Abrar Fahad Alshahrani, Fauzia Ashfaq, Abdulrahman A Alsayegh, Mohammed Bajahzer, Mohammad Idreesh Khan, Mirza Masroor Ali Beg
Abrar Fahad Alshahrani, Fauzia Ashfaq, Abdulrahman A Alsayegh, Mohammed Bajahzer, Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Idreesh Khan, Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, P.O. Box 6666 Saudi Arabia
Mirza Masroor Ali Beg, Faculty of Medicine, Alatoo International University, Bishkek 720048, Kyrgyzstan
Author contributions: Alshahrani AF, Ashfaq F contributed to the concept, methodology, experimentation and data collection, corrections after revision, and reading before submission; Alsayegh AA, Bajahzer M contributed to data entry, produced the first draft, and reading before submission; Khan MI, Beg MMA contributed to data analysis, writing and corrections after revision, and reading before submission.
Supported by The Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia, for funding this research work through the project number ISP-24., Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia.
Institutional review board statement: This study was ethically approved by the Research Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health, (Reg. No: 607-43-1478), Saudi Arabia.
Informed consent statement: Informed consent was obtained from all study participants.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: Data may be available by contacting the corresponding author upon request.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement- checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Mirza Masroor Ali Beg, PhD, Associate Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Alatoo International University, 1/8 Ankara Street, Bishkek 720048, Kyrgyzstan. mirzamasroor1986@gmail.com
Received: June 13, 2024
Revised: September 18, 2024
Accepted: October 9, 2024
Published online: December 26, 2024
Processing time: 140 Days and 0.5 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are frequent co-occurring disorders that affect regular metabolic functions. Obesity has also been linked to an increased risk of developing diabetes. Obesity and diabetes are on the rise, increasing healthcare costs and raising mortality rates. Research has revealed that the expression profile of microRNAs (miRNAs) changes as diabetes progresses. Furthermore, vitamin D may have an anti-obesity effect and inverse association with body weight and body mass index (BMI). Low vitamin D levels do not solely cause obesity, which could be a factor in the etiology of T2DM.

AIM

To evaluate miRNA-200a and miRNA-200b expression, and vitamin-D levels in obese and obese T2DM individuals.

METHODS

This study included 210 participants, of which, 82 were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) without T2DM, 28 were obese with T2DM, and 100 were healthy controls. BMI was evaluated and both fasting and postprandial blood glucose were used to confirm T2DM. Exosomal miRNA-200a and miRNA-200b expression were analyzed using real-time PCR using Taqman probes, and vitamin-D levels were evaluated using an electrochemiluminescence-based immunoassay technique. All data analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0 and GraphPad Prism 5 software.

RESULTS

Overall, a 2.20- and 4.40-fold increase in miRNA-200a and miRNA-200b expression was observed among participants compared to healthy controls. MiRNA-200a and miRNA-200b expression among obese participants increased 2.40-fold and 3.93-fold, respectively, while in obese T2DM participants these values were 2.67-fold, and 5.78-fold, respectively, and these differences were found to be statistically significant (P = 0.02) (P < 0.0001). Obese participants showed a vitamin D level of 34.27 ng/mL, while in obese-T2DM participants vitamin D level was 22.21 ng/mL (P < 0.0001). Vitamin D was negatively correlated with miRNA-200a (r = -0.22, P = 0.01) and miRNA-200b (r = -0.19, P = 0.04). MiRNA-200a sensitivity was 75%, and specificity was 57%, with a cutoff value of 2.07-fold. MiRNA-200b sensitivity was 75%, and specificity was 71% with a cutoff value of 4.12-fold, suggesting that miRNA-200a and miRNA-200b with an increased expression of 2.07- and 4.12-fold could be predictive indicators for the risk of diabetes in obese participants.

CONCLUSION

MiRNA-200a and miRNA-200b were higher in diabetic obese participants vs non-diabetic obese participants, and insufficient vitamin D levels in obese T2DM participants may be involved in poor clinical outcome.

Keywords: Obesity; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; MiRNA200a; MiRNA200b; Vitamin-D; Prognosis

Core Tip: Obesity and being overweight are widespread health issues in modern societies, and their growing prevalence poses a serious public health challenge due to both the financial burden and health risks involved. In humans, the expression of miRNAs in adipose tissue has been demonstrated to be associated with various metabolic factors, including body mass index, adipogenesis, blood sugar levels, and leptin concentrations. The microRNA (miRNA)-200 family is reported to be more prevalent in human β-cells than in α-cells. The expression of miRNA-200a and miRNA-200b is regulated by thioredoxin-interacting protein, a proapoptotic regulator. It has been suggested that a deficiency in vitamin D is closely associated with obesity and plays a role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Studies have indicated that vitamin D influences the expression of miRNAs both in adipocytes in laboratory settings and in adipose tissue in living organisms. Therefore, the current work examines miRNA-200a and miRNA-200b expression, and vitamin-D level in obese non-diabetic and obese T2DM individuals.