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©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Review of the potential value of serum interleukin levels as prognostic biomarkers of liver failure
Yong Lin, Geng-Jie Yan, Mei-Yan Liu, Yin Cao, Kan Zhang, Na Wang, Fu-Li Long, De-Wen Mao
Yong Lin, Geng-Jie Yan, Mei-Yan Liu, Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
Yin Cao, Guangxi School of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
Kan Zhang, Fu-Li Long, De-Wen Mao, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
Na Wang, Department of Administration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
Co-first authors: Yong Lin and Geng-Jie Yan.
Co-corresponding authors: Fu-Li Long and De-Wen Mao.
Author contributions: Mao DW, Lin Y, Long FL and Yan GJ designed the research study; Lin Y, Yan GJ, Liu MY, Zhang K and Cao Y performed the research; Lin Y and Wang N contributed analytic tools; Lin Y analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript; All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82260907, No. 82260899, and No. 82274434.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: De-Wen Mao, Doctor, MD, PhD, Doctor, Professor, Teacher, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning 530023, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Mdwboshi2005@163.com
Received: March 28, 2024
Revised: July 3, 2024
Accepted: July 10, 2024
Published online: September 26, 2024
Processing time: 123 Days and 6.9 Hours
Liver failure (LF) is prevalent in China and is characterized by complex pathogenesis, challenging clinical management, poor prognosis, and rising incidence and mortality rates. The immune status is an important factor affecting LF prognosis. Interleukins (Ils) are a type of cytokine that act and interact with multiple cells, including immune cells. These signaling molecules play important roles in intercellular information transmission, including the regulation of immune cells; mediation of the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of T and B cells; and orchestration of the inflammatory response. To date, many studies have explored the correlation between IL expression and liver disease prognosis, but few studies have evaluated Ils as the prognostic biomarkers of LF. This article reviews the potential use of Ils as the prognostic biomarkers of LF. Particularly, it evaluates the predictive values of IL-21, IL-22, and IL-31, the three often overlooked yet promising prognostic biomarkers, in predicting susceptibility to LF. Harnessing biomarkers for early prognostic insights can facilitate tailored treatment strategies and enhance patient survival. Thus, this article focuses on the identification of IL-21, IL-22, and IL-33 as biomarkers in preclinical and clinical studies on LF and reviews their role as biomarkers in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of LF.
Core Tip: This review highlights the potential of interleukins (Ils), particularly IL-21, IL-22, and IL-31, as the prognostic biomarkers of liver failure. The article emphasizes the crucial role of immune responses in liver failure pathogenesis and explores the complex interplay between these Ils and various immune cells, signaling pathways, and liver diseases. Moreover, it critically analyzes existing literature, identifying limitations and suggesting future directions for further research.
