Chen HY, Wang J, Song DY, Wang B, Xu ZY, Wu Q, Wang ZL. Anti-contact protein-associated protein 2 antibody encephalitis in children: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12(20): 4365-4371 [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i20.4365]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Zhi-Liang Wang, BMed, Associate Chief Physician, Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Fourth Hospital (Nanpi County People’s Hospital), No. 16 General Middle Road, Nanpi County, Cangzhou 061500, Hebei Province, China. 13463176934@163.com
Research Domain of This Article
Clinical Neurology
Article-Type of This Article
Case Report
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Clin Cases. Jul 16, 2024; 12(20): 4365-4371 Published online Jul 16, 2024. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i20.4365
Anti-contact protein-associated protein 2 antibody encephalitis in children: A case report
Hong-Yun Chen, Juan Wang, Dan-Yang Song, Bin Wang, Zhi-Yun Xu, Qian Wu, Zhi-Liang Wang
Hong-Yun Chen, Juan Wang, Bin Wang, Zhi-Yun Xu, Qian Wu, Department of Paediatrics, Cangzhou Fourth Hospital (Nanpi County People’s Hospital), Cangzhou 061500, Hebei Province, China
Dan-Yang Song, Department of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
Zhi-Liang Wang, Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Fourth Hospital (Nanpi County People’s Hospital), Cangzhou 061500, Hebei Province, China
Author contributions: Chen HY, Wang J and Song DY designed the study; Wang B, Xu ZY performed the data collection and analysed the data; and Wu Q and Wang ZL wrote the manuscript; All authors reviewed the manuscript.
Informed consent statement: Informed consent was obtained from the patients for this study.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There are no conflicts of interest in this study.
CARE Checklist (2016) statement: The authors have read the CARE Checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CARE Checklist (2016).
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Zhi-Liang Wang, BMed, Associate Chief Physician, Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Fourth Hospital (Nanpi County People’s Hospital), No. 16 General Middle Road, Nanpi County, Cangzhou 061500, Hebei Province, China. 13463176934@163.com
Received: March 24, 2024 Revised: May 7, 2024 Accepted: May 20, 2024 Published online: July 16, 2024 Processing time: 97 Days and 16.9 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) antibody encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antibodies against the voltage-gated potassium channel. This leads to neurological symptoms, such as seizures, cognitive decline, and neuropathic pain, primarily affecting the limbic system. The prognosis of this disorder varies among individuals.
CASE SUMMARY
The patient, a girl aged nine years and nine months, underwent treatment for 14 to 21 d. The main clinical manifestations were vomiting and unclear consciousness, positive pathological signs, normal cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and abnormal electroencephalogram. The child was discharged after receiving immunoglobulin and hormone treatment. Subsequent follow-up over a period of 15 months after discharge, conducted through telephone and outpatient visits, showed no recurrence of symptoms.
CONCLUSION
Anti-CASPR2 antibody autoimmune encephalitis in children is rare, mainly manifested as convulsions, mental abnormalities, cognitive impairment, and neuropathic pain, among others. Timely evaluation for autoimmune encephalitis antibodies is crucial, especially in cases of recurrent central nervous system involvement in children.
Core Tip: Anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) antibody encephalitis is a subtype of autoimmune encephalitis targeting the CASPR2 protein in the voltage-gated potassium channels complex, mainly affecting the limbic system and related neuronal structures. While it is sensitive to immunotherapy, it carries a risk of relapse and potentially poor prognosis in patients with underlying tumors. Herein, we focus on a patient presenting with vomiting, unconsciousness, recurrent seizures, cognitive decline, and limb pain, underlining the diagnostic importance of these symptoms. This investigation accentuates that early detection and management are crucial in achieving favorable outcomes in anti-CASPR2 antibody encephalitis, requiring clinician awareness and a high index of suspicion.
