Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Jul 16, 2024; 12(20): 4065-4073
Published online Jul 16, 2024. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i20.4065
Effect of a comprehensive geriatric assessment nursing intervention model on older patients with diabetes and hypertension
Dong-Ying Bao, Lin-Yan Wu, Qi-Yan Cheng
Dong-Ying Bao, Lin-Yan Wu, Department of Cardiology, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin 214400, Jiangsu Province, China
Qi-Yan Cheng, Department of Endocrinology, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin 214400, Jiangsu Province, China
Author contributions: Bao DY and Cheng QY designed the study and wrote the manuscript; Wu LY analyzed the data; All authors edited and approved the final version of the article.
Supported by the Research Project of the Jiangyin Municipal Health Commission, No. G202008.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Institutional Review Board [Approval No. SR2020036].
Informed consent statement: All participants have signed informed consent forms.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: The data used for this study can be obtained from the corresponding author upon request.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Qi-Yan Cheng, BSc, Nurse, Department of Endocrinology, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 130 Renmin Middle Road, Jiangyin 214400, Jiangsu Province, China. cqy17768@163.com
Received: April 8, 2024
Revised: May 10, 2024
Accepted: May 17, 2024
Published online: July 16, 2024
Processing time: 83 Days and 16.2 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) was introduced late in China and is primarily used for investigating and evaluating health problems in older adults in outpatient and community settings. However, there are few reports on its application in hospitalized patients, especially older patients with diabetes and hypertension.

AIM

To explore the nursing effect of CGA in hospitalized older patients with diabetes and hypertension.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective single-center analysis of patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus and hypertension who were hospitalized and treated in the Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between September 2020 and June 2022. Among the 80 patients included, 40 received CGA nursing interventions (study group), while the remaining 40 received routine nursing care (control group). The study group's comprehensive approach included creating personalized CGA profiles, multidisciplinary assessments, and targeted interventions in areas, such as nutrition, medication adherence, exercise, and mental health. However, the control group received standard nursing care, including general and medical history collection, fall prevention measures, and regular patient monitoring. After 6 months of nursing care implementation, we evaluated the effectiveness of the interventions, including assessments of blood glucose levels fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin, type A1c (HbA1c); blood pressure indicators such as diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP); quality of life as measured by the 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36) questionnaire; and treatment adherence.

RESULTS

After 6 months, the nursing outcomes indicated that patients who underwent CGA nursing interventions experienced a significant decrease in blood glucose indicators, such as fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1c, as well as blood pressure indicators, including DBP and SBP, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Quality of life assessments, including physical health, emotion, physical function, overall health, and mental health, showed marked improvements compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In the study group, 38 patients adhered to the clinical treatment requirements, whereas only 32 in the control group adhered to the clinical treatment requirements. The probability of treatment adherence among patients receiving CGA nursing interventions was higher than that among patients receiving standard care (95% vs 80%, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The CGA nursing intervention significantly improved glycemic control, blood pressure management, and quality of life in hospitalized older patients with diabetes and hypertension, compared to routine care.

Keywords: Comprehensive geriatric assessment; Diabetes; Hypertension; Nursing; Quality of life; Compliance

Core Tip: This is a retrospective single-center study introduces the novel application of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) in older patients with diabetes and hypertension. Our findings demonstrate that CGA-based interventions significantly improve glycemic control, blood pressure, quality of life, and treatment adherence, offering a promising strategy for holistic care in this demographic.