Case Report
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Apr 6, 2024; 12(10): 1785-1792
Published online Apr 6, 2024. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i10.1785
Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome resulted in amputation: A case report
Jun Jiang, Min Liu
Jun Jiang, Min Liu, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
Author contributions: Jiang J contributed to manuscript writing, editing, and data collection; Liu M and Jiang J prepared the figures and completed the surgery; Jiang J was responsible for manuscript modification; all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Informed consent statement: Informed written consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this report and any accompanying images.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
CARE Checklist (2016) statement: The authors have read the CARE Checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CARE Checklist (2016).
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Jun Jiang, MSc, Associate Chief Physician, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China. jiangjun5@wchscu.edu.cn
Received: October 28, 2023
Peer-review started: October 28, 2023
First decision: January 17, 2024
Revised: January 30, 2024
Accepted: March 13, 2024
Article in press: March 13, 2024
Published online: April 6, 2024
Processing time: 156 Days and 20 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome (JCS) is a very rare syndrome. The treatment of JCS is more conservative, and most authors recommend that no surgery should be done in asymptomatic patients. The conventional concept holds that the natural course of non-ossifying fibromas (NOFs) grows with the development of bones, and the osteolytic region gradually stops expanding and self-healing through bone ossifying around the lesion and ossification within the lesion. But in this case, the bone lesions were potentially biologically aggressive, which led to severe limb deformities and pain.

CASE SUMMARY

We present the case of a 5-year-old girl with JCS presenting with not only NOF sand café-au-lait macules, but also showed features not mentioned before, severe limb pain, and at last resulted in amputation. She was admitted to our hospital after presenting with claudication and mild pain over her right thigh, which worsened when stretching or being touched. Skin examination revealed multiple café-au-lait macules on the neck, arm, axilla, and torso, including the nipples and perineum. Radiographs revealed multiple lytic lesions in the proximal part of the right humerus, distal part of the right clavicle, proximal and distal parts of the right femur, and proximal parts of the right tibia and fibula. Curettage and biopsy were performed on the distal part of the right femur. At the age of 7, the girl was re-admitted to our hospital for a pathological fracture in the middle in the right femur and underwent Intralesional excision, internal fixation, bone grafting, and spica casting. At the age of 10, the girl came to our hospital again for severe pain of the right leg. Amputation from the middle level of the right femur was performed. We present the case of a 5-year-old girl with JCS presenting with not only NOFs and café-au-lait macules, but also showed features not mentioned before, severe limb pain, and at last resulted in amputation. She was admitted to our hospital after presenting with claudication and mild pain over her right thigh, which worsened when stretching or being touched. Skin examination revealed multiple café-au-lait macules on the neck, arm, armpit, and torso, including the nipples and perineum. Radiographs revealed multiple lytic lesions in the proximal part of the right humerus, distal part of the right clavicle, proximal and distal parts of the right femur, and proximal parts of the right tibia and fibula. Curettage and biopsy were performed on the distal part of the right femur. At the age of 7, the girl was re-admitted to our hospital for a pathological fracture in the middle in the right femur and underwent Intralesional excision, internal fixation, bone grafting, and spica casting. At the age of 10, the girl came to our hospital again for severe pain of the right leg. Amputation from the middle level of the right femur was performed.

CONCLUSION

In our opinion, education on preventing pathological fractures and explaining the consequent serious consequences to the parents is a matter of prime significance. At the same time, prophylactic treatment (restricted exercise, support, or surgery) is also considerable for JSC.

Keywords: Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome, Multiple non-ossifying fibromas, Café-au-lait macule, Amputation, Case report

Core Tip: Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome (JCS) is exceedingly rare. In this case, a 10-year-old girl with JCS presented with not only non-ossifying fibromas and café-au-lait macules, but also showed features not mentioned before, severe limb pain, and at last resulted in amputation. This case is a big failure with a tragic ending and has revelatory educational value to all orthopaedic surgeons. We aim to share our failures in treatment and remind other doctors that not every JSC grows with bone development and can be self-healing. We highly recommend education on preventing pathological fractures and explaining the consequent serious consequences to the parents is a matter of prime significance. At the same time, prophylactic treatment (restricted exercise, support, or surgery) is also considerable for JSC.