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©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Generalized granuloma annulare in an infant clinically manifested as papules and atrophic macules: A case report
Dong-Yuan Zhang, Li Zhang, Qin-Yan Yang, Jiazheng Li, Hong-Chao Jiang, Yu-Cheng Xie, Hong Shu
Dong-Yuan Zhang, Li Zhang, Hong Shu, Department of Dermatology, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming 650000, Yunnan Province, China
Qin-Yan Yang, Department of Human Resource, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming 650000, Yunnan Province, China
Jiazheng Li, Department of Emergency, The Cooperation of Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650000, Yunnan Province, China
Hong-Chao Jiang, Institute of Pediatric Disease Research in Yunnan, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming 650000, Yunnan Province, China
Yu-Cheng Xie, Department of Pathology, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming 650000, Yunnan Province, China
Author contributions: Zhang DY, Zhang L, Jiang HC, and Shu H designed the research; Zhang DY, Zhang L, Yang QY, and Li JZ performed the research; Yang QY, Xie YC, and Jiang HC contributed new reagents/analytic tools; Zhang DY, Yang QY, and Li JZ analyzed the data; Zhang DY and Shu H wrote the paper.
Supported by Spring City Project Famous Doctor Special.
Informed consent statement: The Medical Ethics Committee of Kunming Children's Hospital concluded that the study was ethical and determined that written informed consent was not required.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
CARE Checklist (2016) statement: The authors have read the CARE Checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CARE Checklist (2016).
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: Hong Shu, Doctor, Chief Doctor, Professor, Department of Dermatology, Kunming Children’s Hospital, No. 288 Qianxing Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650000, Yunnan Province, China. etyyshuhong@sina.com
Received: September 14, 2023
Peer-review started: September 14, 2023
First decision: October 17, 2023
Revised: October 28, 2023
Accepted: November 14, 2023
Article in press: November 14, 2023
Published online: November 26, 2023
BACKGROUND
Granuloma annulare (GA) has diverse clinical manifestations including papules, plaques, and nodules on the extremities that are skin-colored, pink, or purple. Approximately 15% of all GA cases are considered generalized GA.
CASE SUMMARY
Herein, we describe the case of a pediatric patient who initially presented with papules and later developed generalized atrophic macules. Upon examination, two different morphologic lesions were histopathologically confirmed: Epithelioid nodular GA and scattered histiocytic infiltrative GA. This patient exhibited rare clinical manifestations that differed throughout the course of the disease. The varying histopathological types and clinical manifestations of GA may be linked to the different stages of the disease.
CONCLUSION
This rare case demonstrates the different histopathological features of different stages and clinical manifestations of granuloma annulare in an infant.
Core Tip: Generalized papules were discovered in the early stages of the disease, and the histopathology was epithelioid nodular granuloma annulare (GA). Later in disease progression, the lesions transformed from papules to atrophic macules, and the corresponding histopathology displayed scattered histiocytic infiltrating GA. The clinical manifestations of this case included rare, generalized papules and atrophic maculae. The disease’s clinical manifestations varied at different stages, and the corresponding histopathological types differed as well. This suggests that the distinct histopathological types and clinical manifestations of GA may be connected to disease progression.
