Published online Oct 26, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i30.7309
Peer-review started: July 28, 2023
First decision: September 19, 2023
Revised: September 21, 2023
Accepted: September 28, 2023
Article in press: September 28, 2023
Published online: October 26, 2023
Processing time: 88 Days and 18.1 Hours
Epidemiological studies have revealed an association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension in the general population, while the association in military personnel was rarely investigated.
To examine the association between high risk for OSA and hypertension by phenotypes in military young adults.
A total of 746 military personnel, aged 27.9 years, were included in the cardiorespiratory fitness and health in armed forces (CHIEF)-sleep study in Taiwan in 2020. Antihypertensive medications were not used by the subjects. High risk for OSA was assessed using the Berlin Questionnaire. Hypertension was defined using the 7th Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) and the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines. The cutoff levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) for the 2017 ACC/AHA- and JNC 7-based guidelines were 130/140 mmHg and 80/90 mmHg, respectively. Hypertension phenotypes included isolated systolic and diastolic hypertension (ISH, high SBP only and IDH, high DBP only) and combined hypertension (both high SBP and DBP). Multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for demographics, lifestyle and metabolic biomarkers.
The prevalence of high risk for OSA, JNC 7-based hypertension and 2017 ACC/AHA-based hypertension were 8.0%, 5.2% and 22.0%, respectively. Those with a high risk for OSA had a higher probability of JNC 7-based overall and combined hypertension (odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals: 2.82 (1.07-7.42) and 7.54 (1.10-51.54), although the probabilities of ISH and IDH were unaffected by a high risk for OSA (ORs: 1.96 and 2.35, respectively, both P > 0.05). In contrast, no associations for any hypertension phenotypes were found according to the 2017 ACC/AHA criteria.
A high risk for OSA was associated with severe hypertension and combined hypertension among Asian military young adults.
Core Tip: This study examined the association between high risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension by phenotypes in military young adults. We found that those with a high risk for OSA had a higher probability of JNC-based overall and combined hypertension [ORs: 2.82 (95%CI: 1.07-7.42) and 7.54 (95%CI: 1.10-51.54)], although the probabilities of isolated systolic hypertension and isolated diastolic hypertension were not impacted by a high risk for OSA (ORs: 1.96 and 2.35, respectively, both P > 0.05). In contrast, no associations for any hypertension phenotypes were found on the basis of the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association criteria. In conclusion, a high risk for OSA was associated with severe hypertension and combined hypertension among Asian military young adults.