Editorial
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Jan 6, 2023; 11(1): 1-6
Published online Jan 6, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i1.1
Impact of gut–brain interaction in emerging neurological disorders
Muh-Shi Lin, Yao-Chin Wang, Wei-Jung Chen, Woon-Man Kung
Muh-Shi Lin, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 43303, Taiwan
Muh-Shi Lin, Wei-Jung Chen, Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan
Muh-Shi Lin, Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Care, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
Muh-Shi Lin, Department of Health Business Administration, College of Medical and Health Care, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
Yao-Chin Wang, Department of Emergency, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 33044, Taiwan
Yao-Chin Wang, Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
Woon-Man Kung, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
Woon-Man Kung, Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan
Author contributions: Lin MS and Wang YC wrote the original draft; Lin MS and Kung WM conceptualized the study and performed the literature search; Chen WJ and Kung WM provided scientific guidance; Wang YC and Kung WM copyedited the manuscript; All authors reviewed, revised, and validated the manuscript and have made a substantial, direct, and intellectual contribution to the work and approved it for publication.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report having no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Woon-Man Kung, MD, MSc, Academic Editor, Associate Professor, Attending Doctor, Neurosurgeon, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No 289 Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan. nskungwm@yahoo.com.tw
Received: September 26, 2022
Peer-review started: September 26, 2022
First decision: October 18, 2022
Revised: October 29, 2022
Accepted: December 15, 2022
Article in press: December 15, 2022
Published online: January 6, 2023
Abstract

The central nervous system (CNS) is a reservoir of immune privilege. Specialized immune glial cells are responsible for maintenance and defense against foreign invaders. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) prevents detrimental pathogens and potentially overreactive immune cells from entering the periphery. When the double-edged neuroinflammatory response is overloaded, it no longer has the protective function of promoting neuroregeneration. Notably, microbiota and its derivatives may emerge as pathogen-associated molecular patterns of brain pathology, causing microbiome–gut–brain axis dysregulation from the bottom-up. When dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal flora leads to subsequent alterations in BBB permeability, peripheral immune cells are recruited to the brain. This results in amplification of neuroinflammatory circuits in the brain, which eventually leads to specific neurological disorders. Aggressive treatment strategies for gastrointestinal disorders may protect against specific immune responses to gastrointestinal disorders, which can lead to potential protective effects in the CNS. Accordingly, this study investigated the mutual effects of microbiota and the gut–brain axis, which may provide targeting strategies for future disease treatment.

Keywords: Neuroinflammation, Blood–brain barrier, Microbiota, Gut–brain axis, Neurological disorders

Core Tip: Neurological disorders are increasingly diagnosed globally owing to the disruption of the gut-brain axis. The impact of dysbiosis on the gut microbiota often plays a crucial role in disease pathogenesis. A thorough understanding of this complex relationship is essential for the development of new management strategies against various neurological disorders.