Published online Feb 26, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i6.1952
Peer-review started: August 28, 2021
First decision: November 17, 2021
Revised: December 1, 2021
Accepted: January 19, 2022
Article in press: January 19, 2022
Published online: February 26, 2022
Processing time: 179 Days and 2.3 Hours
Eosinophilia is an increase of more than 0.5 × 109/L in the number of eosinophils; it is a systemic condition with an unknown etiology and is often accompanied by multiple impaired organ functions. The clinical manifestations of the disease are highly variable and diverse, rendering identification of the diagnosis challenging; hence, diagnosis and treatment are often delayed. Very few reports of this disease exist globally, especially with rare manifestations of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and hemorrhage.
A 32-year-old woman with eosinophilia presented to the hospital with bilateral lower-limb edema as the first clinical manifestation, followed by an extensive maculopapular rash throughout the body. She subsequently developed cerebral venous sinus thrombosis along with bilateral lower-limb deep vein thrombosis. Two weeks earlier, she had received a single course of antibiotics from a local hospital for a low-grade fever and sore throat. After various treatments were administered for anticoagulation, maintaining blood circulation, and relieving blood stasis, the lower extremity edema improved significantly; however, the patient’s eosinophil count gradually increased. She experienced cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, and deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs before being declared brain dead. In this case report, we have elaborated the diagnosis and management of deep vein thrombosis manifested as eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated D-dimer levels.
Because proper diagnosis is challenging, clinical vigilance is required for patients with eosinophilia, as it can lead to thrombus formation.
Core Tip: A 32-year-old woman with eosinophilia developed venous thromboembolism as the disease progressed, complicated by cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and bleeding, until death. As eosinophilia can cause the blood to be in a hypercoagulable state, this may have been the main cause of the patient’s venous thromboembolism. Therefore, eosinophilia is one of the risk factors of venous thromboembolism, which should arouse clinical attention.