Case Report
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Feb 26, 2022; 10(6): 1952-1960
Published online Feb 26, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i6.1952
Eosinophilia complicated with venous thromboembolism: A case report
Wei-Qiang Su, Yan-Zhong Fu, Shu-Yan Liu, Meng-Jie Cao, Ya-Bin Xue, Fei-Fei Suo, Wen-Chao Liu
Wei-Qiang Su, Yan-Zhong Fu, Ya-Bin Xue, Fei-Fei Suo, Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo City, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China
Shu-Yan Liu, Department of Endocrine, The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo City, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China
Meng-Jie Cao, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
Wen-Chao Liu, Clinical Laboratory, The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo City, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China
Author contributions: Fu YZ and Su WQ were vascular surgeons who participated in the drafting of the manuscript and reviewed the literature; Xue YB and Suo FF were responsible for the collection of medical history data and literature; Liu SY participated in the revision of the manuscript; Cao MJ and Liu WC reviewed the literature and provided imaging examinations, especially blood smears; all authors issued final approval for the version to be submitted.
Informed consent statement: Verbal informed consent was obtained from the patient’s family.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
CARE Checklist (2016) statement: The authors have read the CARE Checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CARE Checklist (2016).
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Yan-Zhong Fu, MBBS, Chief Doctor, Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo City, No. 17 Minzhu South Road, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China. fyzxj1995@sina.com
Received: August 28, 2021
Peer-review started: August 28, 2021
First decision: November 17, 2021
Revised: December 1, 2021
Accepted: January 19, 2022
Article in press: January 19, 2022
Published online: February 26, 2022
Processing time: 179 Days and 2.3 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Eosinophilia is an increase of more than 0.5 × 109/L in the number of eosinophils; it is a systemic condition with an unknown etiology and is often accompanied by multiple impaired organ functions. The clinical manifestations of the disease are highly variable and diverse, rendering identification of the diagnosis challenging; hence, diagnosis and treatment are often delayed. Very few reports of this disease exist globally, especially with rare manifestations of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and hemorrhage.

CASE SUMMARY

A 32-year-old woman with eosinophilia presented to the hospital with bilateral lower-limb edema as the first clinical manifestation, followed by an extensive maculopapular rash throughout the body. She subsequently developed cerebral venous sinus thrombosis along with bilateral lower-limb deep vein thrombosis. Two weeks earlier, she had received a single course of antibiotics from a local hospital for a low-grade fever and sore throat. After various treatments were administered for anticoagulation, maintaining blood circulation, and relieving blood stasis, the lower extremity edema improved significantly; however, the patient’s eosinophil count gradually increased. She experienced cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, and deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs before being declared brain dead. In this case report, we have elaborated the diagnosis and management of deep vein thrombosis manifested as eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated D-dimer levels.

CONCLUSION

Because proper diagnosis is challenging, clinical vigilance is required for patients with eosinophilia, as it can lead to thrombus formation.

Keywords: Eosinophilia; Venous thromboembolism; Diagnosis; Management; Venous thrombosis; Case report

Core Tip: A 32-year-old woman with eosinophilia developed venous thromboembolism as the disease progressed, complicated by cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and bleeding, until death. As eosinophilia can cause the blood to be in a hypercoagulable state, this may have been the main cause of the patient’s venous thromboembolism. Therefore, eosinophilia is one of the risk factors of venous thromboembolism, which should arouse clinical attention.