Published online Jan 21, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i3.1056
Peer-review started: June 21, 2021
First decision: July 26, 2021
Revised: August 20, 2021
Accepted: December 22, 2021
Article in press: December 22, 2021
Published online: January 21, 2022
Processing time: 208 Days and 4 Hours
Mutations in the beta1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B3GALNT2) gene can lead to impaired glycosylation of α-dystroglycan, which, in turn, causes congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD). The clinical phenotypes of CMD are broad, and there are only a few reports of CMD worldwide.
This report describes the cases of two children with CMD caused by B3GALNT2 gene mutation. The main manifestations of the two cases were abnormal walking posture, language development delay, and abnormal development of the white matter. Case 2 also had unreported symptoms of meningocele and giant arachnoid cyst. Both cases had compound heterozygous mutations of the B3GALNT2 gene, each containing a truncated mutation and a missense mutation, and three of the four loci had not been reported. Nineteen patients with CMD caused by B3GALNT2 gene mutation were found in the literature. Summary and analysis of the characteristics of CMD caused by B3GALNT2 gene mutation showed that 100% of the cases had nervous system involvement. Head magnetic resonance imaging often showed abnormal manifestations, and more than half of the children had eye and muscle involvement; some of the gene-related symptoms were self-healing.
B3GALNT2 gene can be used as one of the candidate genes for screening CMD, cognitive development retardation, epilepsy, and multiple brain developmental malformations in infants.
Core Tip: Mutations in the beta1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B3GALNT2) gene can lead to impaired glycosylation of α-dystroglycan, which, in turn, causes congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD). The clinical phenotypes of CMD are broad, and there are only a few reports of CMD worldwide. This paper introduces two cases of congenital dystrophy caused by mutation of the B3GALNT2 gene. Briefly, 19 children with B3GALNT2 gene mutation published in the world were reviewed. Clinical characteristics and mutation genotypes of 21 children were analyzed, and the pathogenesis is discussed.