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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Psychiatry. Mar 19, 2025; 15(3): 99901
Published online Mar 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i3.99901
Published online Mar 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i3.99901
Correlation of inflammatory markers with depression and sleep disorders accompanying the prodromal stage of Parkinson’s disease
Cheng-Guang Zhang, Yu Zhang, Ke Xu, Shun Wang, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
Yan Bai, Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
Co-corresponding authors: Shun Wang and Yan Bai.
Author contributions: Wang S, Bai Y, and Zhang CG designed this study; Zhang CG, Zhang Y, and Xu K collected information; Zhang CG wrote the paper; Wang S and Bai Y supervised this study; All authors have approved the manuscript. Wang S and Bai Y have made equal contributions to this work and are co corresponding authors, Wang S played a crucial role in the design and guidance of this study, Zhang obtained clinical data for this study, this collaboration between Su H and Xing GQ is crucial for the publication of this manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Shun Wang, MD, Professor, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China. hljwang0451@163.com
Received: November 7, 2024
Revised: December 20, 2024
Accepted: January 23, 2025
Published online: March 19, 2025
Processing time: 110 Days and 21.5 Hours
Revised: December 20, 2024
Accepted: January 23, 2025
Published online: March 19, 2025
Processing time: 110 Days and 21.5 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This review highlights the critical role of inflammatory markers such as interleukins and tumor necrosis factor in the prodromal phase of Parkinson’s disease. It explores their connection to nonmotor symptoms, particularly depression and sleep disorders, by disrupting the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and neurotransmitter metabolism. By addressing considerable knowledge gaps, the review underscores the potential of these markers as predictive indicators of symptom severity and progression. The findings aim to inspire the design of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies, ultimately improving disease management and patient outcomes.