Zhang CG, Zhang Y, Xu K, Wang S, Bai Y. Correlation of inflammatory markers with depression and sleep disorders accompanying the prodromal stage of Parkinson’s disease. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(3): 99901 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i3.99901]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Shun Wang, MD, Professor, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China. hljwang0451@163.com
Research Domain of This Article
Psychiatry
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Psychiatry. Mar 19, 2025; 15(3): 99901 Published online Mar 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i3.99901
Correlation of inflammatory markers with depression and sleep disorders accompanying the prodromal stage of Parkinson’s disease
Cheng-Guang Zhang, Yu Zhang, Ke Xu, Shun Wang, Yan Bai
Cheng-Guang Zhang, Yu Zhang, Ke Xu, Shun Wang, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
Yan Bai, Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
Co-corresponding authors: Shun Wang and Yan Bai.
Author contributions: Wang S, Bai Y, and Zhang CG designed this study; Zhang CG, Zhang Y, and Xu K collected information; Zhang CG wrote the paper; Wang S and Bai Y supervised this study; All authors have approved the manuscript. Wang S and Bai Y have made equal contributions to this work and are co corresponding authors, Wang S played a crucial role in the design and guidance of this study, Zhang obtained clinical data for this study, this collaboration between Su H and Xing GQ is crucial for the publication of this manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Shun Wang, MD, Professor, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China. hljwang0451@163.com
Received: November 7, 2024 Revised: December 20, 2024 Accepted: January 23, 2025 Published online: March 19, 2025 Processing time: 110 Days and 21.5 Hours
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with increasing incidence and disability rates globally, placing a heavy burden on patients and their families. In the prodromal phase of PD, nonmotor symptoms, particularly depression and sleep disorders, are frequent, with profound effects on disease progression and patient quality of life. Emerging research highlights the critical role of inflammatory markers-including interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-in the pathogenesis of prodromal PD. These inflammatory mediators participate in neurodegenerative processes and may induce or exacerbate depressive symptoms and sleep disorders by disrupting the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and affecting neurotransmitter, including serotonin, metabolism. Understanding their correlations with nonmotor symptoms in prodromal PD remains incomplete, limiting our ability to develop targeted interventions. This comprehensive review aims to investigate the specific correlations between inflammatory markers and nonmotor symptoms-particularly depression and sleep disorders-in prodromal PD. The findings could have important practical applications, potentially leading to the development of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for managing PD. By identifying and understanding these correlations, healthcare providers may better predict disease progression and implement more effective treatments for nonmotor symptoms in PD.
Core Tip: This review highlights the critical role of inflammatory markers such as interleukins and tumor necrosis factor in the prodromal phase of Parkinson’s disease. It explores their connection to nonmotor symptoms, particularly depression and sleep disorders, by disrupting the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and neurotransmitter metabolism. By addressing considerable knowledge gaps, the review underscores the potential of these markers as predictive indicators of symptom severity and progression. The findings aim to inspire the design of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies, ultimately improving disease management and patient outcomes.
