Vargas-Vargas MA, González-Montoya M, Torres-Isidro O, García-Berumen CI, Ortiz-Avila O, Calderón-Cortés E, Cortés-Rojo C. Assessing the impact of concurrent high-fructose and high-saturated fat diets on pediatric metabolic syndrome: A review. World J Clin Pediatr 2024; 13(2): 91478 [PMID: 38947987 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.91478]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Christian Cortés-Rojo, BSc, MSc, PhD, Professor, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, Avenida Fco. J. Mujica, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico. christian.cortes@umich.mx
Research Domain of This Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Clin Pediatr. Jun 9, 2024; 13(2): 91478 Published online Jun 9, 2024. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.91478
Assessing the impact of concurrent high-fructose and high-saturated fat diets on pediatric metabolic syndrome: A review
Manuel Alejandro Vargas-Vargas, Marcela González-Montoya, Olin Torres-Isidro, Claudia Isabel García-Berumen, Omar Ortiz-Avila, Elizabeth Calderón-Cortés, Christian Cortés-Rojo
Manuel Alejandro Vargas-Vargas, Marcela González-Montoya, Olin Torres-Isidro, Claudia Isabel García-Berumen, Christian Cortés-Rojo, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
Omar Ortiz-Avila, Elizabeth Calderón-Cortés, Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58020, Michoacán, Mexico
Author contributions: Cortés-Rojo C contributed to this paper with conception and design, literature review and analysis, manuscript drafting, critical revision, and editing; Vargas-Vargas MA, González-Montoya M, Torres-Isidro O and Ortiz-Avila O contributed to this paper with literature review and analysis, manuscript drafting and critical revision; García-Berumen CI and Calderón-Cortés E contributed to this paper with manuscript drafting, editing and critical revision; all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Supported byInstituto de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación – Gobierno del Estado de Michoacán, No. ICTI-PICIR23-063 and No. ICTI-PICIR23-028; and Programa Proyectos de Investigación financiados 2024, Coordinación de Investigación Científica, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, México.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Dr. Cortés-Rojo has nothing to disclose.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Christian Cortés-Rojo, BSc, MSc, PhD, Professor, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, Avenida Fco. J. Mujica, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico. christian.cortes@umich.mx
Received: December 29, 2023 Revised: April 22, 2024 Accepted: May 6, 2024 Published online: June 9, 2024 Processing time: 161 Days and 6.3 Hours
Abstract
High-saturated fat (HF) or high-fructose (HFr) consumption in children predispose them to metabolic syndrome (MetS). In rodent models of MetS, diets containing individually HF or HFr lead to a variable degree of MetS. Nevertheless, simultaneous intake of HF plus HFr have synergistic effects, worsening MetS outcomes. In children, the effects of HF or HFr intake usually have been addressed individually. Therefore, we have reviewed the outcomes of HF or HFr diets in children, and we compare them with the effects reported in rodents. In humans, HFr intake causes increased lipogenesis, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity and insulin resistance. On the other hand, HF diets promote low grade-inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance. Despite the deleterious effects of simultaneous HF plus HFr intake on MetS development in rodents, there is little information about the combined effects of HF plus HFr intake in children. The aim of this review is to warn about this issue, as individually addressing the effects produced by HF or HFr may underestimate the severity of the outcomes of Western diet intake in the pediatric population. We consider that this is an alarming issue that needs to be assessed, as the simultaneous intake of HF plus HFr is common on fast food menus.
Core Tip: High-fructose (HFr) or high-fat (HF) intake favors metabolic syndrome (MetS) development by different mechanisms. When combined, HFr exacerbates the effects of HF, leading to a faster and more severe MetS development. Combined HF + HFr is usually present in ultra-processed foods. However, there is a lack of studies in the pediatric population evaluating the impact of restricting the combined intake of carbohydrates and fat in MetS. We reviewed the mechanisms by which HF + HFr produces more severe MetS to support the need for studies targeting the combined intake of HF + HFr in pediatric population to improve the outcomes of different interventions against MetS.
