Review
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World J Hematol. Mar 24, 2023; 10(3): 25-41
Published online Mar 24, 2023. doi: 10.5315/wjh.v10.i3.25
Role of hematological parameters in pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus: A review of the literature
Sana Rafaqat, Saira Rafaqat
Sana Rafaqat, Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 5400, Pakistan
Saira Rafaqat, Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 5400, Pakistan
Author contributions: All authors contributed equally to this work.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Sana Rafaqat, PhD, Research Fellow, Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Jail road, Lahore 5400, Pakistan. sana.rafaqat44@gmail.com
Received: December 7, 2022
Peer-review started: December 7, 2022
First decision: December 20, 2022
Revised: January 3, 2023
Accepted: March 9, 2023
Article in press: March 9, 2023
Published online: March 24, 2023
Processing time: 105 Days and 0.5 Hours
Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia and abnormalities in insulin secretion and activity. There are numerous hematological parameters; however, this review article only focuses on red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell indices, platelet count, white blood cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, which play an essential role in the pathogenesis of DM. Also, this review article aims to report the relationship between these hematological parameters and the development of DM. In con-clusion, this article shows that increased levels of platelets, red blood cells, hematocrit, lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and decreased levels of hemoglobin are involved in the pathogenesis of DM. However, the role of basophils in DM is unknown yet.

Keywords: Hematological parameters; Diabetes mellitus; Pathogenesis; Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Core Tip: This review paper aims to determine the association between hematological parameters and diabetes with recent major advances, discoveries, significant gaps in the literature, current debates, and potential directions for future research. There are numerous hematological parameters, but this review article only focuses on red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells indices such as mean cellular/corpuscular volume, mean cellular/corpuscular hemoglobin, mean cellular/corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and red cell distribution width, platelet count, white blood cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, which play a pathophysiological role in different types of diabetes mellitus.