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World J Clin Oncol. Aug 10, 2014; 5(3): 495-502
Published online Aug 10, 2014. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.495
Pattern response of dendritic cells in the tumor microenvironment and breast cancer
Alessandra da Cunha, Marcia A Michelin, Eddie FC Murta
Alessandra da Cunha, Marcia A Michelin, Eddie FC Murta, Research Oncology Institute (IPON), Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais 38025-440, Brazil
Alessandra da Cunha, Marcia A Michelin, Eddie FC Murta, Discipline of Gynecology, Obstetric and Discipline of Immunology, Uberaba, Minas Gerais 38025-440, Brazil
Author contributions: All authors had idealized and designed the manuscript together; Cunha A had conducted the literature review on the issue and written the manuscript; Michelin MA and Murta EFC had organized the arrangement of ideas in the written material and oriented the manuscript final correction.
Supported by FAPEMIG and CNPq
Correspondence to: Eddie FC Murta, MD, PhD, Research Oncology Institute (IPON), Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Av. Getulio Guarita, sn Bairro Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais 38025-440, Brazil. eddiemurta@mednet.com.br
Telephone: +55-34-33185326 Fax: +55-34-33185342
Received: December 29, 2013
Revised: March 7, 2014
Accepted: May 29, 2014
Published online: August 10, 2014
Processing time: 215 Days and 8.9 Hours
Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant neoplasm and the cause of death by cancer among women worldwide. Its development, including malignancy grade and patient prognosis, is influenced by various mutations that occur in the tumor cell and by the immune system’s status, which has a direct influence on the tumor microenvironment and, consequently, on interactions with non-tumor cells involved in the immunological response. Among the immune response cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the induction and maintenance of anti-tumor responses owing to their unique abilities for antigen cross-presentation and promotion of the activation of specific lymphocytes that target neoplasic cells. However, the tumor microenvironment can polarize DCs, transforming them into immunosuppressive regulatory DCs, a tolerogenic phenotype which limits the activity of effector T cells and supports tumor growth and progression. Various factors and signaling pathways have been implicated in the immunosuppressive functioning of DCs in cancer, and researchers are working on resolving processes that can circumvent tumor escape and developing viable therapeutic interventions to prevent or reverse the expression of immunosuppressive DCs in the tumor microenvironment. A better understanding of the pattern of DC response in patients with BC is fundamental to the development of specific therapeutic approaches to enable DCs to function properly. Various studies examining DCs immunotherapy have demonstrated its great potential for inducing immune responses to specific antigens and thereby reversing immunosuppression and related to clinical response in patients with BC. DC-based immunotherapy research has led to immense scientific advances, both in our understanding of the anti-tumor immune response and for the treatment of these patients.

Keywords: Breast cancer; Dendritic cells; Tumor microenvironment

Core tip: Breast cancer is a worldwide major public health problem, and dendritic cells are of crucial importance for activating an effective antitumor immune response. Deepening our understanding of the tumor microenvironment can enable the development of new therapies that will make it possible to induce an efficacious antitumor response. Given the search for effective means with which to induce such a response via dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy, the study of the mechanisms involved in the DC pattern of response in the tumor microenvironment is important.