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©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Characteristics and distinct prognostic determinants of individuals with hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma over the past two decades
Ayrton Bangolo, Pierre Fwelo, Shraboni Dey, Tanni Sethi, Sowmya Sagireddy, Jawaria Chatta, Ashish Goel, Sneha Nagpaul, Eric Pin-Shiuan Chen, Chiranjeeve Saravanan, Sheeja Gangan, Joel Thomas, Sarah Potiguara, Vignesh K Nagesh, Daniel Elias, Charlene Mansour, Prajakta H Ratnaparkhi, Priyanshu Jain, Midhun Mathew, Taylor Porter, Shadiya Sultan, Shailaja Abbisetty, Linh Tran, Megha Chawla, Abraham Lo, Simcha Weissman, Christina Cho
Ayrton Bangolo, Shraboni Dey, Tanni Sethi, Jawaria Chatta, Ashish Goel, Sneha Nagpaul, Eric Pin-Shiuan Chen, Chiranjeeve Saravanan, Sheeja Gangan, Joel Thomas, Sarah Potiguara, Vignesh K Nagesh, Daniel Elias, Charlene Mansour, Prajakta H Ratnaparkhi, Priyanshu Jain, Midhun Mathew, Taylor Porter, Shadiya Sultan, Shailaja Abbisetty, Linh Tran, Megha Chawla, Simcha Weissman, Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
Pierre Fwelo, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, United States
Sowmya Sagireddy, Abraham Lo, Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
Christina Cho, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, United States
Author contributions: Bangolo A designed research; Bangolo A, Fwelo P performed research; Bangolo A, Fwelo P, Lo A, Weissman S, Cho C analyzed data; Bangolo A, Fwelo P, Dey S, Sethi T, Sagireddy S, Chatta J, Goel A, Nagpaul S, Chen EPS, Saravanan C, Gangan S, Thomas J, Potiguara S, Nagesh VK, Elias D, Mansour C, Ratnaparkhi PH, Jain P, Mathew M, Porter T, Shadiya Sultan, Abbisetty S, Tran L, Chawla M, Lo A, Weissman S, Cho C wrote the paper.
Institutional review board statement: The SEER Dataset was a public-use dataset, of which the need for IRB approval was waived.
Informed consent statement: The SEER Dataset was a public-use dataset, of which the informed consent was waived.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Data sharing statement: The data used and/or analyzed in this study are available in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database of the National Cancer Institute (
http://seer.cancer.gov).
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: Ayrton Bangolo, Doctor, MBBS, MD, Doctor, Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, 7600 River Road, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States. ayrtonbangolo0@gmail.com
Received: February 23, 2024
Revised: May 1, 2024
Accepted: May 21, 2024
Published online: June 24, 2024
Processing time: 121 Days and 20.7 Hours
BACKGROUND
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is a rare and aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphoma with historically dismal outcomes, representing less than one percent of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Given its rarity, the true incidence of HSTCL is unknown and most data have been extrapolated through case reports. To the best of our knowledge, the largest and most up to date study addressing the epidemiology and outcomes of patients with HSTCL in the United States covered a period from 1996 to 2014, with a sample size of 122 patients.
AIM
To paint the most updated epidemiological picture of HSTCL.
METHODS
A total of 186 patients diagnosed with HSTCL, between 2000 and 2017, were ultimately enrolled in our study by retrieving data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We analyzed demographics, clinical characteristics, and overall mortality (OM) as well as cancer-specific mortality (CSM) of HSTCL. Variables with a P value < 0.01 in the univariate Cox regression were incorporated into the multivariate Cox model to determine the independent prognostic factors, with a hazard ratio of greater than 1 representing adverse prognostic factors.
RESULTS
Male gender was the most represented. HSTCL was most common in middle-aged patients (40-59) and less common in the elderly (80+). Non-Hispanic whites (60.75%) and non-Hispanic blacks (20.97%) were the most represented racial groups. Univariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis of factors influencing all-cause mortality showed a higher OM among non-Hispanic black patients. CSM was also higher among non-Hispanic blacks and patients with distant metastasis. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis of factors affecting CSM revealed higher mortality in patients aged 80 or older and non-Hispanic blacks.
CONCLUSION
Overall, the outlook for this rare malignancy is very grim. In this retrospective cohort study of the United States population, non-Hispanic blacks and the elderly had a higher CSM. This data highlights the need for larger prospective studies to investigate factors associated with worse prognosis in one ethnic group, such as treatment delays, which have been shown to increase mortality in this racial/ethnic group for other cancers.
Core Tip: Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is an uncommon and highly aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that carries a very poor prognosis. Very little is known about the survival outcomes of patients with HSTCL given its rarity. This study will be the most updated and largest study on the survival outcomes of patients with HSTCL. We found that older age and Non-Hispanic black ethnicity are the single most important factors for poor prognosis.
