Lucke-Wold B, Rangwala BS, Shafique MA, Siddiq MA, Mustafa MS, Danish F, Nasrullah RMU, Zainab N, Haseeb A. Focus on current and emerging treatment options for glioma: A comprehensive review. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15(4): 482-495 [PMID: 38689623 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i4.482]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Muhammad Ashir Shafique, MBBS, Doctor, Researcher, Department of Neurosurgery, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Haji Rafique Road Karachi Sindh, Karachi 75510, Pakistan. ashirshafique109@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Oncology
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Clin Oncol. Apr 24, 2024; 15(4): 482-495 Published online Apr 24, 2024. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i4.482
Focus on current and emerging treatment options for glioma: A comprehensive review
Brandon Lucke-Wold, Burhanuddin Sohail Rangwala, Muhammad Ashir Shafique, Mohammad Arham Siddiq, Muhammad Saqlain Mustafa, Fnu Danish, Rana Muhammad Umer Nasrullah, Noor Zainab, Abdul Haseeb
Brandon Lucke-Wold, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
Burhanuddin Sohail Rangwala, Muhammad Ashir Shafique, Mohammad Arham Siddiq, Muhammad Saqlain Mustafa, Fnu Danish, Rana Muhammad Umer Nasrullah, Abdul Haseeb, Department of Neurosurgery, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75510, Pakistan
Noor Zainab, Department of Neurosurgery, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
Author contributions: Shafique MA and Lucke-Wold B conceptualized the study; Danish F and Mustafa MS conducted a literature search; Drafting of the manuscript and writing was done by Nasrullah RMU, Rangwala BS, Siddiq MA, Zainab N and AH performed the editing; All authors read and agreed to the final version of the manuscript; All the authors have revised the manuscript accordingly.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Muhammad Ashir Shafique, MBBS, Doctor, Researcher, Department of Neurosurgery, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Haji Rafique Road Karachi Sindh, Karachi 75510, Pakistan. ashirshafique109@gmail.com
Received: November 22, 2023 Peer-review started: November 22, 2023 First decision: January 12, 2024 Revised: January 22, 2024 Accepted: February 28, 2024 Article in press: February 28, 2024 Published online: April 24, 2024
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the current updates and challenges associated with the management of low-grade gliomas (LGG), the predominant primary tumors in the central nervous system. With a general incidence rate of 5.81 per 100000, gliomas pose a significant global concern, necessitating advancements in treatment techniques to reduce mortality and morbidity. This review places a particular focus on immunotherapies, discussing promising agents such as Zotiraciclib and Lerapolturev. Zotiraciclib, a CDK9 inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in glioblastoma treatment in preclinical and clinical studies, showing its potential as a therapeutic breakthrough. Lerapolturev, a viral immunotherapy, induces inflammation in glioblastoma and displays positive outcomes in both adult and pediatric patients. Exploration of immunotherapy extends to Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, and Entrectinib, revealing the challenges and variabilities in patient responses. Despite promising preclinical data, the monoclonal antibody Depatuxizumab has proven ineffective in glioblastoma treatment, emphasizing the critical need to understand resistance mechanisms. The review also covers the success of radiation therapy in pediatric LGG, with evolving techniques, such as proton therapy, showing potential improvements in patient quality of life. Surgical treatment is discussed in the context of achieving a balance between preserving the patient’s quality of life and attaining gross total resection, with the extent of surgical resection significantly influencing the survival outcomes. In addition to advancements in cancer vaccine development, this review highlights the evolving landscape of LGG treatment, emphasizing a shift toward personalized and targeted therapies. Ongoing research is essential for refining strategies and enhancing outcomes in the management of LGG.
Core Tip: Our manuscript explores the dynamic landscape of glioma treatment, emphasizing the urgent need for innovative therapies to combat this prevalent central nervous system malignancy. We delve into the promising realm of immunotherapies, highlighting novel agents like zotiraciclib, pembrolizumab, and lerapolturev, offering insights into their mechanisms and clinical efficacy. Furthermore, we discuss the evolving role of radiation therapy, emphasizing recent advancements in reducing treatment-related toxicities while improving outcomes. Surgical strategies, including subtotal resection and intraoperative radiotherapy, are also explored, showcasing their potential to enhance survival while minimizing neurological morbidities.
