Unmasking lower gastrointestinal bleeding under administration of norepinephrine
David John Werner, Nicolai Wenzel, Nael Abusalim, Ralf Kiesslich, Till Baar, Achim Tresch, Johannes Wilhelm Rey
David John Werner, Nicolai Wenzel, Nael Abusalim, Department of Radiology, Helios Dr. Horst-Schmidt-Clinic, Wiesbaden 65199, Hessen, Germany
David John Werner, Radiologie Rhein-Nahe, Krankenhaus St. Marienwörth, Bad Kreuznach 55543, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
Nael Abusalim, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center Hanau, Hanau 63450, Hessen, Germany
Ralf Kiesslich, Johannes Wilhelm Rey, Department of Internal Medicine II, Helios Dr. Horst-Schmidt-Clinic, Wiesbaden 65199, Hessen, Germany
Till Baar, Achim Tresch, Institute for Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne 50923, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
Johannes Wilhelm Rey, Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Medical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck 49076, Niedersachsen, Germany
Author contributions: Rey JW and Werner DJ designed the topic and wrote the paper; Wenzel N collected the data and edited the text; Baar T and Tresch A performed data analysis; Kiesslich R performed endoscopy and Abusalim N performed interventional angiography.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethik-Komission bei der Landesärztekammer Hessen Institutional Review Board (Approval No. FF95/2017).
Informed consent statement: Patients were not required to give informed consent to the study as the analysis used anonymous clinical data that were obtained after each patient agreed to treatment by written consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Data sharing statement: If there is a need, you can contact the corresponding author to share data at any time.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: Johannes Wilhelm Rey, MD, PhD, Chief Doctor, Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Medical Center Osnabrueck, Am Finkenhügel 1, Osnabrueck 49076, Niedersachsen, Germany.
johannes.wilhelm.rey@t-online.de
Received: September 9, 2022
Peer-review started: September 9, 2022
First decision: October 12, 2022
Revised: October 24, 2022
Accepted: December 1, 2022
Article in press: December 1, 2022
Published online: December 28, 2022
Processing time: 103 Days and 23.2 Hours
