Observational Study
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World J Cardiol. Jun 26, 2022; 14(6): 372-381
Published online Jun 26, 2022. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v14.i6.372
Study of coronary sinus anatomy during levophase of coronary angiography
Akshyaya Pradhan, Vrishank Bajaj, Pravesh Vishwakarma, Monika Bhandari, Akhil Sharma, Gaurav Chaudhary, Sharad Chandra, Rishi Sethi, Varun Shankar Narain, Sudhanshu Dwivedi
Akshyaya Pradhan, Vrishank Bajaj, Pravesh Vishwakarma, Monika Bhandari, Akhil Sharma, Gaurav Chaudhary, Sharad Chandra, Rishi Sethi, Varun Shankar Narain, Sudhanshu Dwivedi, Department of Cardiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
Author contributions: All authors contributed equally regarding the conceptualization of project, data acquisition, data analysis, literature review and manuscript writing.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by institutional ethics committee.
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: The data is available with corresponding author and can be made available on request.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Pravesh Vishwakarma, MD, DM, FESC, FSCAI, FAPSIC. Additional Professor, Department of Cardiology, King George’s Medical University, Shahmina Road, Chowk, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India. dr.pvishwakarma@gmail.com
Received: January 25, 2022
Peer-review started: January 25, 2022
First decision: March 16, 2022
Revised: April 13, 2022
Accepted: May 14, 2022
Article in press: May 14, 2022
Published online: June 26, 2022
Processing time: 146 Days and 18.4 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: In this prospective, observational study, we assessed venous phase of coronary angiogram (n = 164) with the intent to evaluate coronary sinus anatomy for purpose of left ventricular (LV) lead placement during cardiac resynchronization therapy. Levophase analysis showed excellent visibility of coronary sinus and its tributaries irrespective of body mass index. Shape of ostium & angulations within body of coronary sinus could be delineated reliably. Number, size, take off angle and any tortuosity within postero-lateral vein could be well identified. We found levophase study of coronary angiography an acceptable alternative to retrograde venography for LV lead placement assessment.