Pradhan A, Bajaj V, Vishwakarma P, Bhandari M, Sharma A, Chaudhary G, Chandra S, Sethi R, Narain VS, Dwivedi S. Study of coronary sinus anatomy during levophase of coronary angiography. World J Cardiol 2022; 14(6): 372-381 [PMID: 35979180 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v14.i6.372]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Pravesh Vishwakarma, MD, DM, FESC, FSCAI, FAPSIC. Additional Professor, Department of Cardiology, King George’s Medical University, Shahmina Road, Chowk, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India. dr.pvishwakarma@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Article-Type of This Article
Observational Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Akshyaya Pradhan, Vrishank Bajaj, Pravesh Vishwakarma, Monika Bhandari, Akhil Sharma, Gaurav Chaudhary, Sharad Chandra, Rishi Sethi, Varun Shankar Narain, Sudhanshu Dwivedi, Department of Cardiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
Author contributions: All authors contributed equally regarding the conceptualization of project, data acquisition, data analysis, literature review and manuscript writing.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by institutional ethics committee.
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: The data is available with corresponding author and can be made available on request.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Pravesh Vishwakarma, MD, DM, FESC, FSCAI, FAPSIC. Additional Professor, Department of Cardiology, King George’s Medical University, Shahmina Road, Chowk, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India. dr.pvishwakarma@gmail.com
Received: January 25, 2022 Peer-review started: January 25, 2022 First decision: March 16, 2022 Revised: April 13, 2022 Accepted: May 14, 2022 Article in press: May 14, 2022 Published online: June 26, 2022 Processing time: 146 Days and 18.4 Hours
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background
Coronary sinus imaging is gaining importance due to improvement in electrophysiology techniques and wide spread use of left ventricular lead as a part of Cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Research motivation
Although standard technique is retrograde venogram, it has its own challenges.
Research objectives
To evaluate the feasibility of levophase of routine coronary angiography for studying coronary anatomy.
Research methods
We conducted a prospective observational in patients undergoing routine coronary angiography. In two angiographic views (left anterior oblique & right anterior oblique with cranial angulation), we evaluated the levophase for coronary sinus anatomy including ostial uptake, size, branches and angulation.
Research results
The levophase coronary angiography achieved good visibility in almost all patients. Most patients had a tubular coronary sinus ostia with size < 10 mm. Sharp take off between ostia and body as well tortuosity were seen only in a minority.
Research conclusions
Levophase coronary angiogram evaluation for coronary sinus anatomy is safe and highly effective.
Research perspectives
Large randomized studies are need to further substantiate the results.
