Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Biol Chem. May 27, 2023; 14(3): 62-71
Published online May 27, 2023. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v14.i3.62
Comparison of the conventional tube and erythrocyte-magnetized technology in titration of red blood cell alloantibodies
Xue-Hua He, Hong Yan, Chun-Yan Wang, Xue-Yun Duan, Jia-Jia Qiao, Xiao-Jun Guo, Hong-Bin Zhao, Dong Ren, Jian-She Li, Qiang Zhang
Xue-Hua He, Jia-Jia Qiao, Xiao-Jun Guo, Hong-Bin Zhao, Dong Ren, Department of Blood Transfusion, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China
Hong Yan, Jian-She Li, Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
Chun-Yan Wang, Department of Blood Transfusion, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, Shanxi Province, China
Xue-Yun Duan, Department of Blood Transfusion, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
Qiang Zhang, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taiyuan Blood Center, Institute of Blood Transfusion Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
Author contributions: He XH and Yan H contributed equally; He XH, Qiao JJ, and Guo XJ designed the study; Zhao HB, and Ren D wrote the manuscript; Yan H, and Li JS reviewed and edited; Wang CY projected administration; Duan XY performed the experiments; Zhang Q analysed the data; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Supported by Project of Shanxi Provincial Health Commission, No. 2021144.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by Ethics Committee of the Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 2018-003.
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: This study was not involved any animal experiments.
Informed consent statement: All study participants or their legal guardian provided informed written consent about personal and medical data collection prior to study enrolment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Qiang Zhang, BSc, Chief Physician, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taiyuan Blood Center, Institute of Blood Transfusion Technology, No. 185 Yingze West Street, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China. qi59794383@163.com
Received: March 14, 2023
Peer-review started: March 14, 2023
First decision: April 7, 2023
Revised: April 16, 2023
Accepted: May 15, 2023
Article in press: May 15, 2023
Published online: May 27, 2023
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Erythrocyte alloantibodies are mainly produced after immune stimulation, such as blood transfusion, pregnancy, and transplantation, and are the leading causes of severe hemolytic transfusion reactions and difficulty in blood grouping and matching. Therefore, antibody screening is critical to prevent and improve red cell alloantibodies. Routine tube assay is the primary detection method of antibody screening. Recently, erythrocyte-magnetized technology (EMT) has been increasingly used in clinical practice. This study intends to probe the application and efficacy of the conventional tube and EMT in red blood cell alloantibody titration to provide a reference for clinical blood transfusion.

AIM

To investigate the application value of conventional tube and EMT in red blood cell alloantibody titration and enhance the safety of blood transfusion practice.

METHODS

A total of 1298 blood samples were harvested from blood donors at the Department of Blood Transfusion of our hospital from March 2021 to December 2022. A 5 mL blood sample was collected in tubing, which was then cut, and the whole blood was put into a test tube for centrifugation to separate the serum. Different red blood cell blood group antibody titers were simultaneously detected using the tube polybrene test, tube antiglobulin test (AGT), and EMT screening irregular antibody methods to determine the best test method.

RESULTS

Simultaneous detection was performed through the tube polybrene test, tube AGT and EMT screening irregular antibodies. It was discovered that the EMT screening irregular antibody method could detect all immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) irregular antibodies, and the results of manual tube AGT were satisfactory, but the operation time was lengthy, and the equipment had a large footprint. The EMT screening irregular antibody assay was also conducted to determine its activity against type O Rh (D) red blood cells, and the outcomes were satisfactory. Furthermore, compared to the conventional tube method, the EMT screening irregular antibody method was more cost-effective and had significantly higher detection efficiency.

CONCLUSION

With a higher detection rate, the EMT screening irregular antibody method can detect both IgG and IgM irregular antibodies faster and more effectively than the conventional tube method.

Keywords: Erythrocyte-magnetized technology, Conventional tube, Red blood cell alloantibodies, Transfusion reactions, Application

Core Tip: Irregular antibody screening has long been a routine blood test for blood donors in numerous developed countries. However, only a few blood stations in China have tried using a saline medium for this type of screening. Monoclonal anti-A (B) is a standard reagent for ABO blood grouping, but false positive or false negative reactions can occur, reducing the accuracy of the test. With the improvement of diagnostic techniques and medical levels, the erythrocyte-magnetized technology (EMT) screening irregular antibody method has been gradually applied in a range of clinical settings. This study analyzed blood samples from voluntary blood donors to explore the application value and effect of the conventional tube method and EMT in red blood cell alloantibody titration, with the goal of providing valuable references to improve the safety of clinical blood transfusion.