Study of preoperative diagnostic modalities in Chinese patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Table 1 Clinicopathological features of patients and lesions

Variable	152 lesions in 144 patients
Sex, n (%)
Male	108 (75.0)
Female	36 (25.0)
Age, average ± SD, yr	61.3 ± 7.5
Location, n (%)
Cervical esophagus	2 (1.3)
Upper thoracic esophagus	13 (8.6)
Middle thoracic esophagus	82 (53.9)
Lower thoracic esophagus	55 (36.2)
Macroscopic type, n (%)
Elevated	60 (39.5)
Flat	90 (59.2)
Depressed	2 (1.3)
Mean tumor size, range, mm	22.9 (5-60)
Circumferential occupation, n (%)
< 1/4	38 (25)
1/4-1/2	51 (33.6)
1/2-3/4	37 (24.3)
≥ 3/4	26 (17.1)
Time interval between examination and resection, d, range	18 (1-82)
Treatment, n (%)
Endoscopic resection	71 (46.7)
Surgery	81 (53.3)
Differentiation degree, n (%)
HGIN or carcinoma in situ	60 (39.5)
Poor	13 (8.6)
Moderate	72 (47.4)
Good	7 (4.6)
Depth according to pathological diagnosis, n (%)
EP/LPM	78 (51.3)
MM/SM1	28 (22.4)
SM2/SM3	46 (30.3)

SD: Standard deviation; HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; EP: Epithelium; LPM: Lamina propria mucosa; MM: Muscularis mucosa; SM: Submucosa.

Table 2 Relationship between magnifying endoscopy or endoscopic ultrasound diagnosis and final pathological results

	Depth according to pathological results
	EP/LPM (n = 78)	MM/SM1 (n = 28)	SM2/SM3 (n = 46)	Total
ME-NBI/BLI
B1	66	1	5	72
B2	11	26	22	59
B3	1	1	19	21
EUS
EP/LPM	57	4	10	71
MM/SM1	9	10	2	21
SM2/SM3	12	14	34	60

ME: Magnifying endoscopy; NBI: Narrow-band imaging; BLI: Blue laser imaging; EUS: Endoscopy ultrasonography; HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; EP: Epithelium; LPM: Lamina propria mucosa; MM: Muscularis mucosa; SM: Submucosa.

Table 3 Diagnostic efficiency of magnifying endoscope or endoscopic ultrasound in dividing specific invasion layer

	EP/LPM			MM/SM1			SM2/SM3
	ME, %	EUS, %	P value	ME, %	EUS, %	P value	ME, %	EUS, %	P value
Sensitivity	84.60	73.10	0.08	92.90%	35.7	< 0.01	41.30	73.90	< 0.01
Specificity	91.90	81.10	0.06	73.40%	91.10	< 0.01	98.10	75.40	< 0.01
Accuracy	88.20	77.00	< 0.01	77.00%	80.90	0.51	80.90	75.00	0.22

ME: Magnifying endoscopy; EUS: Endoscopy ultrasonography; EP: Epithelium; LPM: Lamina propria mucosa; MM: Muscularis mucosa; SM: Submucosa.

Table 4 Diagnostic accuracy of magnifying endoscopy or endoscopic ultrasound according to clinicopathological features

	ME-NBI/BLI		EUS
Features	Accurately assessed lesions (%)	P value	Accurately assessed lesions (%)	P value
Location of esophagus
Cervical	2/2 (100)	0.69	1/2 (50.0)	0.17
Upper thoracic	11/13 (84.6)		9/13 (69.2)
Middle thoracic	60/82 (73.2)		60/82 (73.2)
Lower thoracic	38/55 (69.1)		31/55 (56.4)
Macroscopic type
Elevated	43/60 (71.1)	0.60	40/60 (66.7)	1.00
Flat	67/90 (74.4)		60/90 (66.7)
Depressed	1/2 (50.0)		1/2 (50.0)
Circumferential occupation
< 1/4	26/38 (68.4)	0.38	31/38 (81.6)	0.06
1/4-1/2	35/51 (68.6)		34/51 (66.7)
1/2-3/4	31/37 (83.3)		23/37 (62.2)
≥ 3/4	19/26 (73.1)		13/26 (50.0)
Tumor size
≤ 3 cm	87/121 (71.4)	0.54	85/121 (70.2%)	0.05
> 3 cm	24/31 (77.4)		16/31 (51.6)
Differentiation degree
HGIN or carcinoma in situ	51/60 (85.0)	0.03	43/60 (71.7)	0.54
Good	5/7 (71.4)		4/7 (57.1)
Moderate	48/72 (66.7)		47/72 (65.3)
Poor	7/13 (53.8)		7/13 (53.8)
Endoscopist grade
Junior	33/41 (80.5)	0.21	23/41 (56.1)	0.10
Senior	78/111 (70.3)		78/111 (70.3)
EUS probe
Conventional EUS			36/73 (49.3)	< 0.01
Miniature probe			65/79 (82.3)

ME: Magnifying endoscopy; NBI: Narrow-band imaging; BLI: Blue laser imaging; EUS: Endoscopy ultrasonography; HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; EP: Epithelium; LPM: Lamina propria mucosa; MM: Muscularis mucosa; SM: Submucosa.