Tchilikidi KY. Actuality and underlying mechanisms of systemic immune-inflammation index and geriatric nutritional risk index prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16(2): 260-265 [PMID: 38463345 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i2.260]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Konstantin Y Tchilikidi, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery with Postgraduate Education, Altai State Medical University, Krasnoarmeysky Avenue 131-10, Barnaul 656031, Russia. kt80876@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Editorial
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastrointest Surg. Feb 27, 2024; 16(2): 260-265 Published online Feb 27, 2024. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i2.260
Actuality and underlying mechanisms of systemic immune-inflammation index and geriatric nutritional risk index prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma
Konstantin Y Tchilikidi
Konstantin Y Tchilikidi, Department of Surgery with Postgraduate Education, Altai State Medical University, Barnaul 656031, Russia
Author contributions: Tchilikidi KY is the sole author of this manuscript, and contributed to every process of this article.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The author has no relevant conflicting interests to declare.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Konstantin Y Tchilikidi, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery with Postgraduate Education, Altai State Medical University, Krasnoarmeysky Avenue 131-10, Barnaul 656031, Russia. kt80876@gmail.com
Received: November 3, 2023 Peer-review started: November 3, 2023 First decision: December 18, 2023 Revised: December 26, 2023 Accepted: February 3, 2024 Article in press: February 3, 2024 Published online: February 27, 2024 Processing time: 114 Days and 12.2 Hours
Abstract
This editorial contains comments on the article “Correlation between preoperative systemic immune inflammation index, nutritional risk index, and prognosis of radical resection of liver cancer” in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. It pointed out the actuality and importance of the article and focused primarily on the underlying mechanisms making the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) prediction features valuable. There are few publications on both SII and GNRI together in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and patient prognosis after radical surgery. Neutrophils release cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes, degrade extracellular matrix, reduce cell adhesion, and create conditions for tumor cell invasion. Neutrophils promote the adhesion of tumor cells to endothelial cells, through physical anchoring. That results in the migration of tumor cells. Pro-angiogenic factors from platelets enhance tumor angiogenesis to meet tumor cell supply needs. Platelets can form a protective film on the surface of tumor cells. This allows avoiding blood flow damage as well as immune system attack. It also induces the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of tumor cells that is critical for invasiveness. High SII is also associated with macro- and microvascular invasion and increased numbers of circulating tumor cells. A high GNRI was associated with significantly better progression-free and overall survival. HCC patients are a very special population that requires increased attention. SII and GNRI have significant survival prediction value in both palliative treatment and radical surgery settings. The underlying mechanisms of their possible predictive properties lie in the field of essential cancer features. Those features provide tumor nutrition, growth, and distribution throughout the body, such as vascular invasion. On the other hand, they are tied to the possibility of patients to resist tumor progression and development of complications in both postoperative and cancer-related settings. The article is of considerable interest. It would be helpful to continue the study follow-up to 2 years and longer. External validation of the data is needed.
Core Tip: The systemic immune-inflammation index and geriatric nutritional risk index have significant survival predictive value in both palliative treatment and radical surgery settings. The underlying mechanisms of their possible predictive properties lie in the field of essential cancer features. Those features provide tumor nutrition, growth, and distribution throughout the body, such as vascular invasion. On the other hand, they are associated with the ability of patients to resist tumor progression and development of complications in both postoperative and cancer-related settings. The article is of considerable interest. It would be helpful to continue the study follow-up for 2 years or longer.
