Does type 1 diabetes serve as a protective factor against inflammatory bowel disease: A Mendelian randomization study

Figure 1 Mendelian randomization design for causal analysis of type 1 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. CD: Crohn’s disease; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism; T1D: Type 1 diabetes; UC: Ulcerative colitis.

Figure 2 Forest plot of Mendelian randomization analysis on the causal relationship between type 1 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; CD: Crohn’s disease; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; IVW: Inverse variance-weighted; MR: Mendelian randomization; OR: Odds ratio; T1D: Type 1 diabetes; UC: Ulcerative colitis.

Figure 3 Scatter plot of Mendelian randomization analysis on the causal relationship between type 1 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. A: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) on inflammatory bowel disease; B: T1D on ulcerative colitis; C: T1D on Crohn’s disease. MR: Mendelian randomization; SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism; UC: Ulcerative colitis; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; T1D: Type 1 diabetes; CD: Crohn’s disease.

Figure 4 Funnel plot of heterogeneity analysis on the causal relationship between type 1 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. A: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) on inflammatory bowel disease; B: T1D on ulcerative colitis; C: T1D on Crohn’s disease. MR: Mendelian randomization.

Figure 5 Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis on the causal relationship between type 1 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. A: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) on inflammatory bowel disease; B: T1D on ulcerative colitis; C: T1D on Crohn’s disease. UC: Ulcerative colitis; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; T1D: Type 1 diabetes; CD: Crohn’s disease.