Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. May 15, 2024; 15(5): 914-922
Published online May 15, 2024. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.914
Associations of serum D-dimer and glycosylated hemoglobin levels with third-trimester fetal growth restriction in gestational diabetes mellitus
Ying Zhang, Teng Li, Chao-Yan Yue, Yun Liu
Ying Zhang, Chao-Yan Yue, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
Teng Li, Department of Interventional Radiology, The People’s Hospital of Weifang City, Weifang 261041, Shandong Province, China
Yun Liu, Department of Hematology, The People’s Hospital of Weifang City, Weifang 261041, Shandong Province, China
Author contributions: Zhang Y conceived and designed the study; Liu Y guided the study; Zhang Y and Liu Y collected the clinical date; Li T and Yue CY analyzed the data; all authors drafted and revised the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Approval No. 2019-06.
Informed consent statement: Patients were not required to give informed consent to the study because the analysis used anonymous clinical data that were obtained after each patient agreed to treatment by written consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Yun Liu, MM, Doctor, Department of Hematology, The People’s Hospital of Weifang City, No. 151 Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang 261041, Shandong Province, China. yun.1100@163.com
Received: January 5, 2024
Peer-review started: January 5, 2024
First decision: January 27, 2024
Revised: February 24, 2024
Accepted: March 15, 2024
Article in press: March 15, 2024
Published online: May 15, 2024
Processing time: 126 Days and 3.3 Hours
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common type of special diabetes that occurs before/during pregnancy in women with impaired glucose tolerance and abnormal glucose metabolism and is diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy, which can affect fetal growth and development.

Research motivation

The association of serum levels of D-dimer (D-D) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with third-trimester fetal growth restriction (FGR) in GDM patients has rarely been studied. Based on this, this study preliminarily observed serum D-D and HbA1c expression in GDM patients in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Research objectives

Preliminarily observed serum D-D and HbA1c expression in GDM patients in the third trimester of pregnancy, analyzed their correlations with neonatal body weight, and discussed their diagnostic value for third-trimester FGR.

Research methods

One hundred and sixty-four pregnant women who were diagnosed as GDM and delivered in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from January 2021 to January 2023 were included. Among them, 63 cases of neonatal body weight meeting the diagnostic criteria for FGR were regarded as the FGR group (FGR group), and 101 cases of normal neonatal body weight were set as the normal body weight group (normal group). Fasting elbow venous blood was collected at 28-30 wk' gestation and 1-3 d before delivery to measure serum D-D and HbA1c levels for comparative analysis. The diagnostic value of serum D-D and HbA1c for FGR was evaluated.

Research results

The FGR group had significant differences in HbA1c levels at 28-30 wk of pregnancy and 1-3 d before delivery compared with the normal group. The areas under the curves (AUCs) of serum D-D and HbA1c levels for FGR diagnosis were determined to be 0.826 and 0.848, respectively. D-D and HbA1c were risk factors for third-trimester FGR in GDM patients.

Research conclusions

D-D and HbA1c levels are closely associated with the occurrence of FGR in GDM patients in the third trimester of pregnancy. The combined detection of the two in GDM patients can be used as an important index for early prediction of FGR.

Research perspectives

In order to provide reference for early diagnosis and treatment of FGR in GDM patients in the third trimester of pregnancy.