Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Jul 15, 2024; 15(7): 1603-1614
Published online Jul 15, 2024. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i7.1603
Natural product-based treatment potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease
Dharmsheel Shrivastav, Satyam Kumar Kumbhakar, Shivangi Srivastava, Desh Deepak Singh
Dharmsheel Shrivastav, Desh Deepak Singh, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
Satyam Kumar Kumbhakar, Department of Biotechnology, Govt Veer Surendra Say P.G. College, Gariaband 493889, Chhattisgarh, India
Shivangi Srivastava, Department of Life Science, Chhatrapati Shahu ji Maharaj University, Kanpur 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India
Author contributions: Shrivastav D and Kumbhakar SK designed and wrote the manuscript; Srivastava S helped with information retrieval; Singh DD reviewed the data, analyzed the information, guided the inclusion of information, and provided intellectual input; and all authors approved the final version of the manuscript, all data was generated in-house, and no paper mill was used.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Desh Deepak Singh, PhD, Associate Professor, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, SP-1 Kant Kalwar, RIICO Industrial Area, NH-11C, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India. ddsbms@gmail.com
Received: February 21, 2024
Revised: April 22, 2024
Accepted: May 16, 2024
Published online: July 15, 2024
Processing time: 137 Days and 22.5 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease of impaired glucose utilization and a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The pathogenesis of both diseases shares common risk factors and mechanisms, and both are significant contributors to global morbidity and mortality. Supplements of natural products for T2D mellitus (T2DM) and CVD can be seen as a potential preventive and effective therapeutic strategy.

AIM

To critically evaluate the therapeutic potential of natural products in T2D and coronary artery disease (CAD).

METHODS

By using specific keywords, we strategically searched the PubMed database. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched as the primary focus that examined the effect of natural products on glycemic control, oxidative stress, and antioxidant levels. We focused on outcomes such as low blood glucose levels, adjustment on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidants. After screening full-length papers, we included 9 RCTs in our review that met our inclusion criteria.

RESULTS

In the literature search on the database, we found that various natural products like plant secondary metabolites play a diverse role in the management of CAD. American ginseng, sesame oil and cocoa flavanols proved effective in lowering blood glucose levels and controlling blood pressure, which are key factors in managing T2DM and CVD. In diabetic patients Melissa officinalis effectively reduce inflammation and shows diabetes prevention. Both fish oil and flaxseed oil reduced insulin levels and inflammatory markers, suggesting benefits for both conditions. The lipid profile and endothelial function were enhanced by Nigella sativa oil and Terminalia chebula, which is significant for the management of cardiovascular risk factors in T2DM. Additionally Bilberry extract also showed promise for improving glycemic control in patients with T2DM.

CONCLUSION

The high level of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic properties found in natural products makes them promising therapeutic options for the management of CAD, with the potential benefit of lowering the risk of CAD.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Cardiovascular disease; Natural products; Antioxidants; Oxidative stress; Therapeutic impact; Global burden

Core Tip: This systematic review investigated the potential of natural products in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Various natural ingredients such as American ginseng, cocoa flavanol, sesame oil, flaxseed oil, fish oil, Melissa officinalis, Terminalia chebula, Nigella sativa oil, bilberry extract have shown significantly effect on glycemic control, blood pressure management, decreased insulin sensitivity and inflammatory markers, lipid profile, endocrine and enhancement of work done. These findings suggest that natural products offer promising therapeutics for T2D and CVD applications because of their anti-inflammatory properties and anti-atherosclerotic properties, it can reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications in T2D.