Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Mar 15, 2023; 14(3): 290-298
Published online Mar 15, 2023. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i3.290
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the pediatric population of a third-level care hospital in Mexico City in 2013 and 2018
Jorge Mario Molina-Díaz, Blanca Estela Vargas-Terrez, Patricia Guadalupe Medina-Bravo, Antonia Martínez-Ambrosio, América Liliana Miranda-Lora, Miguel Klünder-Klünder
Jorge Mario Molina-Díaz, Department of Child Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Federico Gomez, Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 06250, Mexico
Blanca Estela Vargas-Terrez, Faculty of Business, La Salle University, Mexico City 06250, Mexico
Patricia Guadalupe Medina-Bravo, Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
Antonia Martínez-Ambrosio, Department of Nursing and Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
América Liliana Miranda-Lora, Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
Miguel Klünder-Klünder, Division of Research, Children’s Hospital Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
Author contributions: Molina JM and Vargas BE conceptualized and wrote the initial manuscript; Martínez A and Medina PG critically reviewed the manuscript; Miranda AL and Klünder M edited the manuscript; Molina JM finalized the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: This study was authorized by the ethics and research committee of the Federico Gomez Children's Hospital of Mexico.
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors declare they have no conflict of interest to disclose.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Jorge Mario Molina-Díaz, PhD, Doctor, Department of Child Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Federico Gomez, Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 06250, Mexico. dereck79@live.com.mx
Received: November 15, 2022
Peer-review started: November 15, 2022
First decision: January 3, 2023
Revised: January 15, 2023
Accepted: February 14, 2023
Article in press: February 14, 2023
Published online: March 15, 2023
Processing time: 120 Days and 14.4 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a state of hyperglycemia due to a defect in the secretion and/or action of insulin, and it represents the most common form of diabetes worldwide. In Mexico, 10.3% of the adult population have been diagnosed with T2DM and it is expanding to the pediatric population.

AIM

To evaluate and compare the prevalence of T2DM in the pediatric population at the Children’s Hospital, “Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG)”, at two time periods: 2013 vs 2018.

METHODS

A comparison of two cross-sectional studies was done (2013 and 2018). The study population was comprised of children and adolescents 8-17 years old, from the Diabetes Clinic at the aforementioned institution. A comprehensive interrogation regarding family history and perinatal antecedents was performed. Complete blood work after 12 h of fasting was obtained to determine serum levels of glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, C-peptide, and insulin. The data were analysed using the statistical software package SPSS v. 23.0. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

A total of 151 patients were included: 47 from 2013, and 104 from 2018. There were age differences noted between the two periods with younger patients presenting T2DM in 2013. Also, T2DM predominated in the male sex in 55.36% in 2013 vs 32.7% in 2018. An increased prevalence of T2DM was noted from 2013 to 2018 (20.2% vs 33.0%, respectively), which was a statistically significant 12.8% increase (P < 0.0001). The illness phenotype was more aggressive in the 2018 group with the presence of a higher proportion of obesity, insulin resistance, and adverse lipid profiles.

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of T2DM at the HIMFG institution from 2013 to 2018 increased by 12.8% (20.2% vs 33.0%, respectively). The study results demonstrate the need for vigilance in T2DM trends, and to strengthen programs of healthy nutrition and physical activity as well as early detection and risk factors for obesity, data on insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome, with the aim of preventing the development of T2DM.

Keywords: Diabetes; Children; adolescents; Epidemiology; Etiology; Risk factors and complications

Core Tip: Diabetes mellitus was a disease exclusive to the adult population; however, due to an increase in the prevalence of obesity, as well as genetic risk factors, this disease has increased in the pediatric population, having a different presentation, with the presence that causes micro and macrovascular complications at earlier ages. Therefore, it is necessary to think about this disease when faced with data of insulin resistance and identify complications early.