Wan Nik WNFH, Zulkeflee HA, Ab Rahim SN, Tuan Ismail TS. Association of vitamin D and magnesium with insulin sensitivity and their influence on glycemic control. World J Diabetes 2023; 14(1): 26-34 [PMID: 36684386 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i1.26]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Tuan Salwani Tuan Ismail, MBBS, Doctor, Senior Lecturer, Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, No. 11800 Jalan Sasaran, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia. tusti@usm.my
Research Domain of This Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Diabetes. Jan 15, 2023; 14(1): 26-34 Published online Jan 15, 2023. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i1.26
Association of vitamin D and magnesium with insulin sensitivity and their influence on glycemic control
Wan Nor Fazila Hafizan Wan Nik, Hani Ajrina Zulkeflee, Siti Nadirah Ab Rahim, Tuan Salwani Tuan Ismail
Wan Nor Fazila Hafizan Wan Nik, Tuan Salwani Tuan Ismail, Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
Hani Ajrina Zulkeflee, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Siti Nadirah Ab Rahim, Pathology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Author contributions: Wan Nik WNFH, Zulkeflee HA, Ab Rahim SN, and Tuan Ismail TS contributed equally to this work; Tuan Ismail TS supervised and directed the focus of this review; Wan Nik WNFH, Zulkeflee HA, Ab Rahim SN, and Tuan Ismail TS performed the literature review and wrote the review; Zulkeflee HA designed the graphical figures; Ab Rahim SN refined the format of the review; Wan Nik WNFH performed the major work in structuring and harmonizing the overall review content; all authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Tuan Salwani Tuan Ismail, MBBS, Doctor, Senior Lecturer, Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, No. 11800 Jalan Sasaran, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia. tusti@usm.my
Received: September 19, 2022 Peer-review started: September 19, 2022 First decision: October 21, 2022 Revised: November 3, 2022 Accepted: December 21, 2022 Article in press: December 21, 2022 Published online: January 15, 2023 Processing time: 113 Days and 4.3 Hours
Abstract
Insulin resistance increases the risk of developing diabetes, and the degree of resistance influences the glycemic control of patients with diabetes. Numerous researchers have focused on improving insulin sensitivity in order to prevent diabetes-related complications and other chronic diseases. Several studies have also linked vitamin D levels to insulin secretion and resistance, given that both vitamin D and its receptor complex play important roles in regulating pancreatic β-cells. It has been suggested that vitamin D supplementation improves vitamin D levels, but further research is needed to confirm this as neither insulin function nor glycemic control improves when vitamin D levels increase. Magnesium is a cofactor for many enzymes. Although the role of magnesium in the management of diabetes has long been evaluated, it has not yet been determined whether magnesium supplements improve insulin function. However, several researchers have found that patients with good glycemic control have high magnesium levels. Magnesium is closely related to vitamin D and is necessary for the transport and activation of vitamin D in humans. Combined supplementation with vitamin D and magnesium improves glycemic control in patients with diabetes.
Core Tip: The effect of vitamin D and magnesium level on insulin sensitivity and glycemic control is reviewed. Many previous studies have focused on vitamin D and magnesium levels and supplementation. Recently, researchers have found that vitamin D and magnesium play different roles in diabetes; thus, a combination of adequate vitamin D and magnesium is most likely required to enhance insulin secretion and action and promote glycemic control.
