Clinical outcome and prognostic factors of T4N0M0 colon cancer after R0 resection: A retrospective study

Table 1 Clinicopathological feature of patients with T4N0M0 colon cancer

Variables		Training cohort, n (%)	Validation cohort, n (%)	P value
All patients
		118 (100)	82 (100)
Gender	Male	47 (39.8)	35 (42.7)	0.687
	Female	71 (60.2)	47 (57.3)
Age	≥ 75	37 (31.4)	17 (20.7)	0.096
	< 75	81 (68.6)	65 (79.3)
Obstruction	Yes	27 (22.9)	10 (12.2)	0.056
	No	91 (77.1)	72 (87.8)
CEA (ng/mL)	> 5	42 (35.6)	41 (50.0)	0.042
	≤ 5	76 (64.4)	41 (50.0)
CA19-9 (U/mL)	> 37	15 (12.7)	13 (15.9)	0.671
	≤ 37	103 (87.3)	69 (84.1)
Surgical procedure	Laparotomy	27 (22.9)	21 (25.6)	0.657
	Laparoscopy	91 (77.1)	61 (74.4)
Right hemicolon	Yes	61 (51.7)	37 (45.1)	0.360
	No	57 (48.3)	45 (54.9)
Enterostomy	Yes	15 (12.7)	8 (9.8)	0.519
	No	103 (87.3)	74 (90.2)
Tumor size (cm)	≥ 6.8	25 (21.2)	25 (30.5)	0.135
	< 6.8	93 (78.8)	57 (69.5)
Poor differentiated	Yes	24 (20.3)	15 (18.3)	0.719
	No	94 (79.7)	67 (81.7)
T stage	T4a	97 (82.2)	64 (78.0)	0.466
	T4b	21 (17.8)	18 (22.0)
Lymph node count	≥ 12	101 (85.6)	70 (85.4)	0.877
	< 12	17 (14.4)	12 (14.6)
Regular review	Yes	76 (64.4)	55 (67.1)	0.696
	No	42 (35.6)	27 (32.9)

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses for overall survival in the training cohort

Variables		Univariate analysis	P value	Multivariate analysis	P value
		HR (95%CI)		HR (95%CI)
Gender	Male	1	-	-	-
	Female	5.755 (0.660, 50.196)	0.033	-	-
Age	≥ 75	1.745 (0.198, 15.416)	0.064	-	-
	< 75	1	-	-	-
Obstruction	Yes	0.785 (0.035, 17.665)	0.014	-	-
	No	1	-	-	-
CEA (ng/mL)	> 5	1.576 (0.497, 4.994)	0.434	-	-
	≤ 5	1	-	-	-
CA199 (U/mL)	> 37	20.20 (1.881, 216.893)	0.002	6.315 (1.520, 26.243)	0.011
	≤ 37	1	-	1	-
Surgical procedure	Laparotomy	1.586 (0.130, 19.331)	0.012	-	-
	Laparoscopy	1	-	-	-
Right hemicolon	Yes	2.873 (0.775, 10.656)	0.016	5.236 (1.229, 22.308)	0.025
	No	1	-	1	-
Enterostomy	Yes	6.086 (1.949, 19.007)	0.000	13.302 (3.392, 52.171)	0.000
	No	1	-	1	-
Tumor size (cm)	≥ 6.8	2.252 (0.376, 13.489)	0.004	-	-
	< 6.8	1	-	-	-
Poor differentiated	Yes	4.311 (1.341, 13.856)	0.008	-	-
	No	1	-	-	-
T stage	T4a	1	-	1	-
	T4b	8.241 (2.500, 27.158)	0.000	10.888 (2.809, 42.199)	0.001
Lymph node count	≥ 12	1	-	-	-
	< 12	1.143 (0.250, 5.225)	0.863	-	-
Regular review	Yes	1	-	1	-
	No	5.676 (1.534, 21.000)	0.003	4.626 (1.075, 19.905)	0.040

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199.