Effects of Helicobacter pylori and Moluodan on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in mice with precancerous gastric cancer lesions

Table 1 Reverse transcription primers of each gene

Primer name	Primer information	Base sequences (5’-3’)		Tm value	Product length
M-GAPDH	NM_008084.3	Sense	TGAAGGGTGGAGCCAAAAG	58.3	227
		Anti-sense	AGTCTTCTGGGTGGCAGTGAT	58.4
M-wnt1	NM_021279	Sense	GCAGCCTCTTCTCACTGCAG	61.0	148
		Anti-sense	CCCAGGCTGGCTCTAATAAGT	59.2
M-β-catenin	NM_007614	Sense	TCCGAGGACTCAATACCATTCC	60.6	250
		Anti-sense	CGCTTCTTGTAATCCTGTGGC	60.0
M-cyclinD1	NM_007631.2	Sense	GGATGAGAACAAGCAGACCATC	58.6	186
		Anti-sense	AGAAAGTGCGTTGTGCGGTA	59.2
M-EGF	NM_010113	Sense	TTATGACCCTGTGGAAAGCAAG	58.6	119
		Anti-sense	CAAGCGTATCTACTCCTTCTGTGAT	60.2
M-c-myc	NM_001177352.1	Sense	GGACTGTATGTGGAGCGGTTT	59.1	208
		Anti-sense	GTTGAGCGGGTAGGGAAAGA	59.3

Table 2 Comparison of relative expression of Wnt1, β-catenin, cyclinD1, epidermal growth factor, and c-Myc m-RNA in each group

Norm	Control group	MNU group	H. pylori + MNU group	Moluodan group	F value	P value
Wnt1	1.10 ± 0.12	3.69 ± 0.16a	4.72 ± 0.06a,b	2.99 ± 0.19a,b,c	347.51	< 0.001
β-catenin	1.03 ± 0.03	2.74 ± 0.11a	3.73 ± 0.12a,b	1.70 ± 0.06a,b,c	523.67	< 0.001
CyclinD1	1.06 ± 0.17	3.22 ± 0.07a	3.84 ± 0.16a,b	2.17 ± 0.11a,b,c	248.70	< 0.001
EGF	1.08 ± 0.07	2.96 ± 0.14a	4.32 ± 0.24a,b	2.17 ± 0.11a,b,c	230.00	< 0.001
c-Myc	1.10 ± 0.14	2.80 ± 0.14a	4.40 ± 0.08a,b	1.97 ± 0.11a,b,c	411.91	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs control group.

^bP < 0.05 vs N-methyl-N-nitrosourea group.

^cP < 0.05 vs Helicobacter pylori + N-methyl-N-nitrosourea group.

EGF: Epidermal growth factor; MNU: N-methyl-N-nitrosourea; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Table 3 Comparison of Wnt1, β-catenin, cyclinD1, epidermal growth factor, and c-Myc protein expression in each group

Norm	Control group	MNU group	H. pylori + MNU group	Moluodan group	F value	P value
Wnt1	0.05 ± 0.01	0.29 ± 0.02a	0.58 ± 0.02a,b	0.12 ± 0.02a,b,c	479.39	< 0.001
β-catenin	0.06 ± 0.04	0.26 ± 0.08a	0.43 ± 0.06a,b	0.16 ± 0.06a,b,c	18.80	< 0.001
cyclinD1	0.09 ± 0.04	0.31 ± 0.12a	0.60 ± 0.10a,b	0.15 ± 0.07a,b,c	11.59	0.003
EGF	0.06 ± 0.03	0.17 ± 0.02a	0.39 ± 0.08a,b	0.09 ± 0.02a,b,c	35.26	< 0.001
c-Myc	0.05 ± 0.01	0.23 ± 0.06a	0.54 ± 0.06a,b	0.13 ± 0.02a,b,c	64.19	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs control group.

^bP < 0.05 vs N-methyl-N-nitrosourea group.

^cP < 0.05 vs Helicobacter pylori + N-methyl-N-nitrosourea group.

EGF: Epidermal growth factor; MNU: N-methyl-N-nitrosourea; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.