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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Dec 15, 2024; 16(12): 4650-4662
Published online Dec 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i12.4650
Published online Dec 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i12.4650
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of low and high γ-glutamyl transferase to albumin ratio groups before propensity score matching
| Variables | Total | GAR-low | GAR-high | P value |
| Patients | 1231 | 706 | 525 | |
| Gender | < 0.001 | |||
| Female, n (%) | 187 (0.15) | 129 (0.18) | 58 (0.11) | |
| Male, n (%) | 1044 (0.85) | 577 (0.82) | 467 (0.89) | |
| Age ≥ 60 years, n (%) | 501 (0.41) | 305 (0.43) | 196 (0.37) | 0.044 |
| HBV, n (%) | 749 (0.61) | 432 (0.61) | 317 (0.60) | 0.819 |
| HCV, n (%) | 38 (0.03) | 27 (0.04) | 11 (0.02) | 0.117 |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 482 (0.39) | 243 (0.34) | 239 (0.46) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 122 (0.10) | 69 (0.10) | 53 (0.10) | 0.928 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 178 (0.14) | 106 (0.15) | 72 (0.14) | 0.576 |
| ALT levels ≥ 40, U/L, n (%) | 639 (0.52) | 274 (0.39) | 365 (0.70) | < 0.001 |
| ALP levels ≥ 125, U/L, n (%) | 714 (0.58) | 249 (0.35) | 465 (0.89) | < 0.001 |
| Serum AFP ≥ 500, ng/mL, n (%) | 528 (0.43) | 254 (0.36) | 274 (0.52) | < 0.001 |
| Child-Pugh class, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| A | 920 (0.75) | 585 (0.83) | 335 (0.64) | |
| B | 297 (0.24) | 114 (0.16) | 183 (0.35) | |
| C | 14 (0.01) | 7 (0.01) | 7 (0.01) | |
| Lymph node metastasis, n (%) | 617 (0.50) | 312 (0.44) | 305 (0.58) | < 0.001 |
| Extrahepatic metastasis, n (%) | 238 (0.19) | 116 (0.16) | 122 (0.23) | 0.004 |
| PVTT, n (%) | 484 (0.39) | 196 (0.28) | 288 (0.55) | < 0.001 |
| BCLC stage, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| A | 177 (0.14) | 137 (0.19) | 40 (0.08) | |
| B | 188 (0.15) | 129 (0.18) | 59 (0.11) | |
| C | 853 (0.69) | 433 (0.61) | 420 (0.80) | |
| D | 13 (0.01) | 7 (0.01) | 6 (0.01) | |
| Number of tumors ≥ 2, n (%) | 890 (0.72) | 469 (0.66) | 421 (0.80) | < 0.001 |
| Tumor diameter, cm, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| < 3 | 172 (0.14) | 133 (0.19) | 39 (0.07) | |
| ≥ 3, < 5 | 216 (0.18) | 155 (0.22) | 61 (0.12) | |
| ≥ 5, < 10 | 491 (0.40) | 302 (0.43) | 189 (0.36) | |
| ≥ 10 | 352 (0.29) | 116 (0.16) | 236 (0.45) |
Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of overall survival before propensity score matching
| Variables | HR (95%CI) | P value | HR (95%CI) | P value |
| Gender (male/female) | 1.094 (0.898-1.334) | 0.372 | ||
| Age (≥ 60/< 60 years) | 0.888 (0.770-1.024) | 0.102 | ||
| HBV (positive/negative) | 1.087 (0.941-1.255) | 0.257 | ||
| HCV (positive/negative) | 0.657 (0.406-1.062) | 0.086 | ||
| Alcohol (yes/no) | 1.069 (0.927-1.233) | 0.360 | ||
| Diabetes (yes/no) | 0.913 (0.718-1.162) | 0.460 | ||
| Hypertension (yes/no) | 0.899 (0.732-1.104) | 0.310 | ||
| GAR-high | 2.075 (1.804-2.388) | < 0.001 | 1.533 (1.285-1.828) | < 0.001 |
| ALT levels ≥ 40, U/L | 1.313 (1.141-1.511) | < 0.001 | 1.003 (0.862-1.166) | 0.973 |
| ALP levels ≥ 125, U/L | 1.730 (1.495-2.001) | < 0.001 | 1.008 (0.840-1.209) | 0.932 |
| Serum AFP ≥ 500, ng/mL | 1.326 (1.152-1.525) | < 0.001 | 0.982 (0.846-1.140) | 0.814 |
| Child-Pugh A vs B/C | 1.812 (1.553-2.113) | < 0.001 | 1.389 (1.176-1.640) | < 0.001 |
| Lymph node metastasis | 1.435 (1.246-1.652) | < 0.001 | 0.940 (0.779-1.133) | 0.514 |
| Extrahepatic metastasis | 1.679 (1.424-1.979) | < 0.001 | 1.301 (1.091-1.550) | 0.003 |
| PVTT | 1.958 (1.701-2.253) | < 0.001 | 1.372 (1.150-1.637) | < 0.001 |
| BCLC stage A vs B vs C vs D | ||||
| A | 1 | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.106 |
| B | 1.409 (1.036-1.916) | 0.029 | 0.865 (0.603-1.241) | 0.432 |
| C | 2.447 (1.911-3.135) | < 0.001 | 1.142 (0.810-1.611) | 0.447 |
| D | 3.538 (1.823-6.868) | < 0.001 | 1.867 (0.929-3.752) | 0.079 |
| Number of tumors ≥ 2 | 1.614 (1.365-1.909) | < 0.001 | 1.381 (1.132-1.685) | 0.001 |
| Tumor diameter, cm | ||||
| < 3 | 1 | < 0.001 | 1 | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 3, < 5 | 1.692 (1.262-2.270) | < 0.001 | 1.684 (1.245-2.278) | 0.001 |
| ≥ 5, < 10 | 2.114 (1.633-2.737) | < 0.001 | 1.756 (1.337-2.306) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 10 | 2.930 (2.250-3.816) | < 0.001 | 1.822 (1.364-2.435) | < 0.001 |
Table 3 Baseline characteristics of high and low γ-glutamyl transferase to albumin ratio groups after propensity score matching, n (%)
| Variables | Total | GAR-low | GAR-high | P value |
| Patients | 512 | 256 | 256 | |
| Gender | 0.798 | |||
| Female | 71 (0.14) | 34 (0.13) | 37 (0.14) | |
| Male | 441 (0.86) | 222 (0.87) | 219 (0.86) | |
| Age ≥ 60 years | 215 (0.42) | 107 (0.42) | 108 (0.42) | 1 |
| HBV | 293 (0.57) | 148 (0.58) | 145 (0.57) | 0.858 |
| HCV | 17 (0.03) | 8 (0.03) | 9 (0.04) | 1 |
| Alcohol | 203 (0.40) | 99 (0.39) | 104 (0.41) | 0.718 |
| Diabetes | 47 (0.09) | 25 (0.1) | 22 (0.09) | 0.76 |
| Hypertension | 65 (0.13) | 29 (0.11) | 36 (0.14) | 0.426 |
| ALT levels ≥ 40, U/L | 304 (0.59) | 147 (0.57) | 157 (0.61) | 0.418 |
| ALP levels ≥ 125, U/L | 395 (0.77) | 196 (0.77) | 199 (0.78) | 0.833 |
| Serum AFP ≥ 500, ng/mL | 221 (0.43) | 108 (0.42) | 113 (0.44) | 0.721 |
| Child-Pugh class | 0.93 | |||
| A | 371 (0.72) | 186 (0.73) | 185 (0.72) | |
| B | 134 (0.26) | 67 (0.26) | 67 (0.26) | |
| C | 7 (0.01) | 3 (0.01) | 4 (0.02) | |
| Lymph node metastasis | 269 (0.53) | 139 (0.54) | 130 (0.51) | 0.479 |
| Extrahepatic metastasis | 99 (0.19) | 49 (0.19) | 50 (0.20) | 1 |
| PVTT | 232 (0.45) | 125 (0.49) | 107 (0.42) | 0.131 |
| BCLC stage | 0.347 | |||
| A | 58 (0.11) | 25 (0.10) | 33 (0.13) | |
| B | 67 (0.13) | 29 (0.11) | 38 (0.15) | |
| C | 380 (0.74) | 199 (0.78) | 181 (0.71) | |
| D | 7 (0.01) | 3 (0.01) | 4 (0.02) | |
| Number of tumors ≥ 2 | 385 (0.75) | 192 (0.75) | 193 (0.75) | 1 |
| Tumor diameter, cm | 0.797 | |||
| < 3 | 50 (0.10) | 22 (0.09) | 28 (0.11) | 0.797 |
| ≥ 3, < 5 | 79 (0.15) | 41 (0.16) | 38 (0.15) | |
| ≥ 5, < 10 | 234 (0.46) | 116 (0.45) | 118 (0.46) | |
| ≥ 10 | 149 (0.29) | 77 (0.30) | 72 (0.28) |
Table 4 Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses for identifying clinical characteristics influencing overall survival in the training cohort
| Variables | HR (95%CI) | P value | HR (95%CI) | P value |
| Gender (male/female) | 1.129 (0.888-1.435) | 0.321 | ||
| Age (≥ 60/< 60 years) | 0.895 (0.754-1.063) | 0.206 | ||
| HBV (positive/negative) | 1.145 (0.962-1.362) | 0.128 | ||
| HCV (positive/negative) | 0.691 (0.406-1.175) | 0.172 | ||
| Alcohol (yes/no) | 1.017 (0.856-1.208) | 0.851 | ||
| Diabetes (yes/no) | 0.883 (0.662-1.179) | 0.399 | ||
| Hypertension (yes/no) | 0.856 (0.673-1.090) | 0.208 | ||
| GAR-high | 2.058 (1.737-2.438) | < 0.001 | 1.516 (1.218-1.885) | < 0.001 |
| ALT levels ≥ 40, U/L | 1.278 (1.079-1.514) | 0.005 | 0.904 (0.749-1.090) | 0.291 |
| ALP levels ≥ 125, U/L | 1.756 (1.475-2.091) | < 0.001 | 1.106 (0.882-1.388) | 0.382 |
| Serum AFP ≥ 500, ng/mL | 1.252 (1.057-1.484) | 0.009 | 0.904 (0.752-1.086) | 0.281 |
| Child-Pugh A vs B/C | 1.858 (1.544-2.234) | < 0.001 | 1.389 (1.133-1.703) | 0.002 |
| Lymph node metastasis | 1.354 (1.143-1.603) | < 0.001 | 0.951 (0.756-1.197) | 0.669 |
| Extrahepatic metastasis | 1.608 (1.311-1.973) | < 0.001 | 1.263 (1.013-1.575) | 0.038 |
| PVTT | 2.009 (1.696-2.380) | < 0.001 | 1.510 (1.214-1.879) | < 0.001 |
| BCLC stage A vs B vs C vs D | ||||
| A | 1 | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.146 |
| B | 1.363 (0.957-1.942) | 0.086 | 0.865 (0.571-1.311) | 0.494 |
| C | 2.183 (1.639-2.907) | < 0.001 | 0.999 (0.667-1.498) | 0.998 |
| D | 4.106 (1.949-8.648) | < 0.001 | 2.174 (0.989-4.775) | 0.053 |
| Number of tumors ≥ 2 | 1.511 (1.241-1.838) | < 0.001 | 1.335 (1.057-1.685) | 0.015 |
| Tumor diameter, cm | ||||
| < 3 | 1 | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.002 |
| ≥ 3, < 5 | 1.755 (1.226-2.513) | 0.002 | 1.752 (1.211-2.534) | 0.003 |
| ≥ 5, < 10 | 2.312 (1.691-3.162) | < 0.001 | 1.912 (1.372-2.665) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 10 | 2.924 (2.117-4.039) | < 0.001 | 1.793 (1.256-2.559) | 0.001 |
- Citation: Wu ZY, Li H, Chen JL, Su K, Weng ML, Han YW. Nomogram model based on γ-glutamyl transferase to albumin ratio predicts survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with transarterial chemoembolization treatment. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16(12): 4650-4662
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v16/i12/4650.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i12.4650