Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Apr 15, 2023; 15(4): 689-699
Published online Apr 15, 2023. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i4.689
Table 1 Clinical characteristics of 190 patients
Clinical characteristic
No. of patients
Age (yr), median (IQR)51 (42-58)
Sex
Male, n (%)154 (81.1)
Etiology
Hepatitis B144 (75.8)
Hepatitis C4 (2.1)
Hepatitis B & C2 (1.1)
Non-hepatitis B, non-hepatitis C40 (21.0)
ALT (U/L), median (IQR)75 (51-254)
AST (U/L), median (IQR)57 (47-302)
TBiL (μmol/L), median (IQR)20.1 (11.2-31.2)
AFP (ng/mL), median (IQR)205 (19.2-4692)
Child-Pugh class
A146 (76.8)
B44 (23.2)
Portal vein tumor thrombosis131 (68.9)
Extrahepatic metastasis
Lung64 (33.7)
Bone31 (16.3)
Peritoneum25 (13.1)
Multiple locations15 (7.9)
BCLC stage
C190 (100)
Tumor response
Complete response0 (0)
Partial response23 (12.1)
Stable disease76 (40.0)
Progressive disease91 (47.9)
Follow-up time, median (range)748 (438-1146) d
TTP, median (95%CI)98 (75-124) d
OS, median (95%CI)376 (340-411) d
Table 2 Incidence of treatment-related adverse events
Adverse event
Any grade
Grade 3
Grade 4
Cutaneous toxic effects25 (13.2)3 (1.6)2 (1.1)
Mucositis8 (4.2)2 (1.1)1 (< 1)
Rash7 (3.7)1 (< 1)1 (< 1)
Pruritus10 (5.3)2 (1.1)0 (0)
Diarrhea27 (14.2)4 (2.1)1 (< 1)
Elevated transaminases35 (18.4)10 (5.3)2 (1.1)
Hypothyroidism25 (13.2)4 (2.1)2 (1.1)
Myocarditis3 (1.6)1 (< 1)2 (1.1)
Hypoadrenocorticism5 (2.6)1 (< 1)0 (0)
Proteinuria18 (9.5)5 (2.6)0 (0)
Overall incidence138 (72.6)12 (6.3)7 (3.7)
Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for predicting overall survival and time to progression
VariableUnivariate analysis
Multivariate analysis
HR (95%CI)
P value
HR (95%CI)
P value
OS
Child-Pugh, class B1.446 (1.044-1.547)0.0391.321 (1.112-1.711)0.021
AFP > 400 ng/mL1.651 (1.351-1.782)0.0211.446 (0.875-1.836)0.239
PIVKA > 40 mAU/mL1.324 (1.023-1.472)0.0431.568 (0.411-1.687)0.085
PVTT, yes2.145 (1.897-3.587)0.0033.125 (3.015-3.568)0.008
Extrahepatic metastasis, yes1.784 (1.254-2.571)0.0132.871 (2.581-3.052)0.028
Cutaneous toxic effects, yes0.741 (0.654-0.968)0.0250.845 (0.425-1.751)0.129
Hypothyroidism, yes0.623 (0.487-0.912)0.0340.641 (0.489-0.901)0.017
TTP
AFP > 400 ng/mL1.757 (1.271-1.972)0.0231.872 (1.357-2.135)0.017
PVTT, yes2.595 (1.377-3.889)0.0032.472 (2.243-2.891)0.008
Extrahepatic metastasis, yes1.536 (1.296-1.765)0.0311.489 (1.246-1.574)0.012
Cutaneous toxic effects, yes0.874 (0.621-0.925)0.0360.785 (0.358-1.258)0.157
Hypothyroidism, yes0.741 (0.514-0.870)0.0240.613 (0.362-0.886)0.018