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©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Apr 15, 2023; 15(4): 665-676
Published online Apr 15, 2023. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i4.665
Published online Apr 15, 2023. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i4.665
Table 1 Characteristic of 2217 patients with early gastric cancer from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results
| Variables | Level | LNM (-) | LNM (+) | P value |
| n = 1880 | n = 337 | |||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 70.87 (12.82) | 68.74 (12.59) | 0.0051 | |
| Race (%) | White | 1065 (56.6) | 182 (54.0) | 0.554 |
| Black | 295 (15.7) | 60 (17.8) | ||
| Other | 520 (27.7) | 95 (28.2) | ||
| Gender (%) | Male | 1025 (54.5) | 189 (56.1) | 0.638 |
| Female | 855 (45.5) | 148 (43.9) | ||
| Location (%) | Body of stomach | 314 (16.7) | 51 (15.1) | 0.116 |
| Gastric antrum | 710 (37.8) | 133 (39.5) | ||
| Fundus of stomach | 97 (5.2) | 13 (3.9) | ||
| Greater curvature of stomach NOS | 127 (6.8) | 25 (7.4) | ||
| Lesser curvature of stomach NOS | 264 (14.0) | 47 (13.9) | ||
| Stomach, NOS | 64 (3.4) | 14 (4.2) | ||
| Pylorus | 186 (9.9) | 21 (6.2) | ||
| Overlapping lesion of stomach | 118 (6.3) | 33 (9.8) | ||
| Histologytype (%) | Neuroendocrine carcinoma | 80 (4.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0.0021 |
| Signet ring cell carcinoma | 336 (17.9) | 57 (16.9) | ||
| Adenocarcinoma | 1349 (71.8) | 250 (74.2) | ||
| Others/unknown | 115 (6.1) | 29 (8.6) | ||
| Grade (%) | Well | 377 (20.1) | 12 (3.6) | < 0.0011 |
| Moderate | 638 (33.9) | 115 (34.1) | ||
| Poor | 865 (46.0) | 210 (62.3) | ||
| Stage (%) | I | 80 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.0011 |
| IA | 1793 (95.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| IB | 7 (0.4) | 225 (66.8) | ||
| IIA | 0 (0.0) | 80 (23.7) | ||
| IIB | 0 (0.0) | 32 (9.5) | ||
| T-stage (%) | T1/T1NOS | 317 (16.9) | 39 (11.6) | < 0.0011 |
| T1a | 745 (39.6) | 56 (16.6) | ||
| T1b | 818 (43.5) | 242 (71.8) | ||
| Tumorsize (%) | 0-1 cm | 449 (23.9) | 15 (4.5) | < 0.0011 |
| < 2 cm | 496 (26.4) | 71 (21.1) | ||
| < 3 cm | 338 (18.0) | 75 (22.3) | ||
| < 4 cm | 228 (12.1) | 64 (19.0) | ||
| < 5 cm | 132 (7.0) | 42 (12.5) | ||
| > 5 cm and more | 237 (12.6) | 70 (20.8) | ||
| Primary (%) | No | 387 (20.6) | 54 (16.0) | 0.063 |
| Yes | 1493 (79.4) | 283 (84.0) | ||
| Order (%) | One primary only | 1323 (70.4) | 259 (76.9) | 0.0461 |
| 1st of 2 or more primaries | 146 (7.8) | 21 (6.2) | ||
| 2nd of 2 or more primaries | 310 (16.5) | 47 (13.9) | ||
| 3rd of 3 or more primaries | 74 (3.9) | 6 (1.8) | ||
| 4th of 4 or more primaries | 20 (1.1) | 3 (0.9) | ||
| 5th of 5 or more primaries | 6 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 6th of 6 or more primaries | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 7th of 7 or more primaries | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | ||
| Maritalstatus (%) | Married (including common law) | 1057 (56.2) | 188 (55.8) | 0.386 |
| Divorced | 127 (6.8) | 26 (7.7) | ||
| Separated | 20 (1.1) | 5 (1.5) | ||
| Single (never married) | 243 (12.9) | 49 (14.5) | ||
| Widowed | 353 (18.8) | 55 (16.3) | ||
| Unmarried or Domestic Partner | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.6) | ||
| Unknown | 78 (4.1) | 12 (3.6) | ||
| Insurance (%) | Insured | 1129 (60.1) | 201 (59.6) | 0.575 |
| Insured/nospecifics | 338 (18.0) | 53 (15.7) | ||
| Any medicaid | 344 (18.3) | 69 (20.5) | ||
| Uninsured | 39 (2.1) | 10 (3.0) | ||
| Insurance status unknown | 30 (1.6) | 4 (1.2) |
Table 2 Univariate analysis for lymph node metastasis of patients with early gastric cancer
| Variables | Level | Training sets | P value | Testing sets | P value | ||
| LNM (-) | LNM (+) | LNM (-) | LNM (+) | ||||
| n = 1308 | n = 242 | n = 572 | n = 95 | ||||
| Age at diagnosis (mean ± SD) | 71.07 (12.82) | 68.64 (12.82) | 0.0071 | 70.42 (12.80) | 69.02 (12.03) | 0.319 | |
| Race (%) | White | 733 (56.0) | 122 (50.4) | 0.237 | 332 (58.0) | 60 (63.2) | 0.584 |
| Black | 202 (15.4) | 45 (18.6) | 93 (16.3) | 15 (15.8) | |||
| Other | 373 (28.5) | 75 (31.0) | 147 (25.7) | 20 (21.1) | |||
| Gender (%) | Male | 710 (54.3) | 136 (56.2) | 0.631 | 315 (55.1) | 53 (55.8) | 0.985 |
| Female | 598 (45.7) | 106 (43.8) | 257 (44.9) | 42 (44.2) | |||
| Location (%) | Body of stomach | 215 (16.4) | 38 (15.7) | 0.239 | 99 (17.3) | 13 (13.7) | 0.444 |
| Gastric antrum | 479 (36.6) | 90 (37.2) | 231 (40.4) | 43 (45.3) | |||
| Fundus of stomach | 67 (5.1) | 12 (5.0) | 30 (5.2) | 1 (1.1) | |||
| Greater curvature of stomach | 86 (6.6) | 19 (7.9) | 41 (7.2) | 6 (6.3) | |||
| Lesser curvature of stomach | 192 (14.7) | 35 (14.5) | 72 (12.6) | 12 (12.6) | |||
| Stomach, NOS | 51 (3.9) | 10 (4.1) | 13 (2.3) | 4 (4.2) | |||
| Pylorus | 131 (10.0) | 13 (5.4) | 55 (9.6) | 8 (8.4) | |||
| Overlapping lesion of stomach | 87 (6.7) | 25 (10.3) | 31 (5.4) | 8 (8.4) | |||
| Histology type (%) | Neuroendocrine carcinoma | 53 (4.1) | 1 (0.4) | 0.0031 | 27 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.088 |
| Signet ring cell carcinoma | 238 (18.2) | 43 (17.8) | 98 (17.1) | 14 (14.7) | |||
| Adenocarcinoma | 940 (71.9) | 173 (71.5) | 409 (71.5) | 77 (81.1) | |||
| Others/unknown | 77 (5.9) | 25 (10.3) | 38 (6.6) | 4 (4.2) | |||
| Grade (%) | Well | 252 (19.3) | 7 (2.9) | < 0.0011 | 125 (21.9) | 5 (5.3) | < 0.0011 |
| Moderate | 448 (34.3) | 85 (35.1) | 190 (33.2) | 30 (31.6) | |||
| Poor | 608 (46.5) | 150 (62.0) | 257 (44.9) | 60 (63.2) | |||
| Stage (%) | I | 53 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.0011 | 27 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.0011 |
| IA | 1250 (95.6) | 0 (0.0) | 543 (94.9) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| IB | 5 (0.4) | 166 (68.6) | 2 (0.3) | 59 (62.1) | |||
| IIA | 0 (0.0) | 54 (22.3) | 0 (0.0) | 26 (27.4) | |||
| IIB | 0 (0.0) | 22 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (10.5) | |||
| T-stage (%) | T1/T1NOS | 216 (16.5) | 30 (12.4) | < 0.0011 | 101 (17.7) | 9 (9.5) | < 0.0011 |
| T1a | 514 (39.3) | 37 (15.3) | 231 (40.4) | 19 (20.0) | |||
| T1b | 578 (44.2) | 175 (72.3) | 240 (42.0) | 67 (70.5) | |||
| Tumor size (%) | 0-1 cm | 313 (23.9) | 12 (5.0) | < 0.0011 | 136 (23.8) | 3 (3.2) | < 0.0011 |
| < 2 cm | 331 (25.3) | 51 (21.1) | 165 (28.8) | 20 (21.1) | |||
| < 3 cm | 241 (18.4) | 59 (24.4) | 97 (17.0) | 16 (16.8) | |||
| < 4 cm | 158 (12.1) | 45 (18.6) | 70 (12.2) | 19 (20.0) | |||
| < 5 cm | 89 (6.8) | 28 (11.6) | 43 (7.5) | 14 (14.7) | |||
| > 5 cm and more | 176 (13.5) | 47 (19.4) | 61 (10.7) | 23 (24.2) | |||
| Primary (%) | No | 268 (20.5) | 34 (14.0) | 0.0251 | 119 (20.8) | 20 (21.1) | 0.956 |
| Yes | 1040 (79.5) | 208 (86.0) | 453 (79.2) | 75 (78.9) | |||
| Order (%) | One primary only | 918 (70.2) | 190 (78.5) | 0.146 | 405 (70.8) | 69 (72.6) | 0.332 |
| 1st of 2 or more primaries | 104 (8.0) | 16 (6.6) | 42 (7.3) | 5 (5.3) | |||
| 2nd of 2 or more primaries | 215 (16.4) | 31 (12.8) | 95 (16.6) | 16 (16.8) | |||
| 3rd of 3 or more primaries | 51 (3.9) | 3 (1.2) | 23 (4.0) | 3 (3.2) | |||
| 4th of 4 or more primaries | 14 (1.1) | 2 (0.8) | 6 (1.0) | 1 (1.1) | |||
| 5th of 5 or more primaries | 5 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| 6th of 6 or more primaries | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| 7th of 7 or more primaries | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | |||
| Marital status (%) | Married | 743 (56.8) | 131 (54.1) | 0.444 | 314 (54.9) | 57 (60.0) | 0.431 |
| Divorced | 80 (6.1) | 15 (6.2) | 47 (8.2) | 11 (11.6) | |||
| Separated | 13 (1.0) | 4 (1.7) | 7 (1.2) | 1 (1.1) | |||
| Single | 165 (12.6) | 36 (14.9) | 78 (13.6) | 13 (13.7) | |||
| Widowed | 251 (19.2) | 46 (19.0) | 102 (17.8) | 9 (9.5) | |||
| Unmarried or Domestic Partner | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Unknown | 54 (4.1) | 8 (3.3) | 24 (4.2) | 4 (4.2) | |||
| Insurance (%) | Insured | 784 (59.9) | 149 (61.6) | 0.515 | 345 (60.3) | 52 (54.7) | 0.771 |
| Insured/no specifics | 234 (17.9) | 34 (14.0) | 104 (18.2) | 19 (20.0) | |||
| Any medicaid | 243 (18.6) | 48 (19.8) | 101 (17.7) | 21 (22.1) | |||
| Uninsured | 28 (2.1) | 8 (3.3) | 11 (1.9) | 2 (2.1) | |||
| Insurance status unknown | 19 (1.5) | 3 (1.2) | 11 (1.9) | 1 (1.1) | |||
Table 3 Multivariate analysis for lymph node metastasis in training set with early gastric cancer
| Variables | P value | OR | 95%CI |
| Age | 0.012 | 0.986 | 0.975-0.997 |
| Histology type | 0.019 | 1.382 | 1.057-1.813 |
| Grade | 0.000 | 1.825 | 1.452-2.315 |
| T-stage | 0.000 | 1.985 | 1.596-2.494 |
| Size | 0.000 | 1.319 | 1.208-1.442 |
| Primary | 0.152 | 1.344 | 0.907-2.040 |
- Citation: Jiang XC, Yao XB, Xia HB, Su YZ, Luo PQ, Sun JR, Song ED, Wei ZJ, Xu AM, Zhang LX, Lan YH. Nomogram established using risk factors of early gastric cancer for predicting the lymph node metastasis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15(4): 665-676
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v15/i4/665.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v15.i4.665