Prognostic value of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 expression in upper gastrointestinal tract tumors: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of studies included for the meta-analysis

Reference	Yr	Country	Ethnicity	Age	Method	Study design	Stage	Cancer type	Cut-off values	n (E +)	Follow-up time in mo (range)	OS (HR with 95%CI)	NOS
Jiang et al[17]	2013	China	Asian	60	IHC	Retrospective	1-4	Gastric cancer	HSCORE > 0	305 (60.0%)	Median 40 (3-135)	0.60 (0.35–1.01)	9
Wang et al[18]	2018	China	Asian	61.6	IHC	Retrospective	1-4	Gastric cancer	Median number of stained cells	587 (49.9%)	Median 48 (1-117)	1.71 (1.327–2.203)	9
Park et al[19]	2021	Korea	Asian	59	IHC	Retrospective	2-3	Gastric cancer	Immunostaining 5%	385 (61.6%)	NA	0.30 (0.13–0.68)	7
Chen et al[20]	2022	China	Asian	65	IHC	Retrospective	2-3	Gastric cancer	Median number of stained cells	496 (49.0%)	Median 37 (4-76)	2.236 (1.427–3.504)	7
Shan et al[21]	2016	China	Asian	55	IHC	Retrospective	1-4	ESCC	3 points	64 (85.9%)	Median 31 (7-105)	1 (0.932-1.072)	8
Hou et al[22]	2017	China	Asian	58	IHC	Retrospective	2-3	ESCC	3 points	45 (22.2%)	< 100	1.102 (0.292–4.157)	7
Duan et al[23]	2018	China	Asian	58	IHC	Retrospective	1-4	ESCC	1%	95 (37.9%)	Median 32 (3-84)	0.405 (0.148–1.103)	9
Hong et al[24]	2019	Korea	Asian	64	IHC	Retrospective	1-4	ESCC	1%	396 (50.8%)	Median 24.8 (0.5-210.0)	1.60 (1.13–2.27)	8
Zhao et al[25]	2020	China	Asian	65	IHC	Retrospective	1-4	ESCC	HSCORE > 3	183 (47.5%)	NA	2.620 (1.569–4.375)	8

HSCORE system = Stain intensity × percentage of stained cells. CI: Confidence interval; E +: T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 positive expression; ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; HR: Hazard ratio; IHC: Immunohistochemistry; NA: Not applicable; NOS: New-Ottawa scale; OS: Overall survival.

Table 2 Sub-group analysis of the association between T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 and the clinicopathological parameters

Subgroups	OR (95%CI)	P value	Studies, n	Patients, n
Sex: Female vs male	0.92 (0.75-1.14)	0.388	7	1866
Age: Elderly vs non-elderly	1.07 (0.79-1.44)	0.061	6	1771
Tumor location: Top and middle vs bottom	1.07 (0.85-1.35)	0.605	4	1311
Tumor size: 4 vs < 4	0.77 (0.53-1.12)	0.202	4	1192
T stage: T1-2 vs T3-4	1.39 (1.06-1.83)	0.6	3	865
N stage: N0-1 vs N2-3	1.5 (1.11-2.01)	0.803	3	865
TNM Stage: III/IV vs I/II	1.21 (0.63-2.33)	< 0.001	7	1866
Grade: G1 vs G2 + G3	0.7 (0.40-1.22)	0.427	3	323

CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.