Application of remimazolam transversus abdominis plane block in gastrointestinal tumor surgery

Table 1 An examination of the differences in the two groups’ baseline features

Group	n	Sex (male/female, cases)	Age (yr, mean ± SD)	BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)	Surgical time, (min, mean ± SD)	ASA classification (I/II/III, cases)
Observation group	51	33/18	49.58 ± 11.29	23.64 ± 1.54	216.15 ± 29.33	9/31/11
Control group	51	30/21	49.24 ± 11.58	23.28 ± 1.69	208.48 ± 31.67	12/33/6
t/χ2		0.374	0.150	1.124	1.269	1.962
P value		0.541	0.881	0.264	0.207	0.375

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Table 2 Comparison of heart rate between the groups at various time points (beats per min, mean ± SD)

Group	n	T0	T1	T2	T3
Observation group	51	77.37 ± 11.49	76.85 ± 10.18	75.69 ± 9.84	77.12 ± 10.15
Control group	51	77.84 ± 11.25	71.54 ± 8.74	74.55 ± 9.62	72.61 ± 9.78
t/χ2		0.209	2.826	0.592	2.285
P value		0.835	0.006	0.555	0.024

T0: Before anesthesia induction; T1: 1 min after induction; T2: Immediately after tracheal intubation; T3: Upon leaving the operating room.

Table 3 A comparative analysis of mean arterial pressure at various time intervals within the groups (mmHg, mean ± SD)

Group	n	T0	T1	T2	T3
Observation group	51	96.54 ± 11.59	93.18 ± 10.27	91.48 ± 10.18	91.02 ± 10.23
Control group	51	96.11 ± 11.74	82.54 ± 9.85	90.22 ± 10.09	89.25 ± 9.58
t/χ2		0.259	3.834	0.628	0.902
P value		0.796	< 0.001	0.532	0.369

T0: Before anesthesia induction; T1: 1 min after induction; T2: Immediately after tracheal intubation; T3: Upon leaving the operating room.

Table 4 Shows a comparison of the stress parameter levels of the two groups at various time points (μmol/L, mean ± SD)

Group	n	E		NE
		10 min before anesthesia induction	5 min after extubation	10 min before anesthesia induction	5 min after extubation
Observation group	51	0.45 ± 0.11	0.59 ± 0.15	3.19 ± 0.57	3.97 ± 0.45
Control group	51	0.43 ± 0.16	0.94 ± 0.09a	3.14 ± 0.61	4.75 ± 0.63a
t/χ2		0.736	14.289	0.428	7.195
P value		0.464	0.881	0.670	0.207

^aP < 0.05. Compared with 10 min before anesthesia induction in the same group. E: Epinephrine; NE: Norepinephrine.

Table 5 Evaluation of visual analog scale scores between both groups at different time points following surgery (score, mean ± SD)

Group	n	4 h following surgery	12 h following surgery	24 h following surgery	48 h following surgery
Observation group	51	3.65 ± 0.58	2.74 ± 0.47	1.97 ± 0.53	1.02 ± 0.41
Control group	51	3.87 ± 0.62	3.29 ± 0.23	2.54 ± 0.47	1.65 ± 0.32
t/χ2		1.851	7.506	5.746	8.651
P value		0.067	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Table 6 Comparison of recovery quality between the two groups (mean ± SD)

Group	n	Time to eye-opening	Time to extubation	PACU stay duration	Riker sedation-agitation score (score)
Observation group	51	18.12 ± 6.52	22.34 ± 8.31	37.54 ± 7.49	4.02 ± 1.33
Control group	51	23.25 ± 4.89	28.92 ± 6.54	38.12 ± 8.74	4.73 ± 0.82
t/χ2		4.495	4.444	0.360	3.245
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001	0.720	0.002

PACU: Postanesthesia care unit.

Table 7 Comparison of postoperative analgesic effect within 24 h between the two groups

Group	n	Number of effective PCA presses within 24 h after surgery (mean ± SD)	Sufentanil consumption (μg, mean ± SD)	Number of rescue analgesia cases (cases)
Observation group	51	3.52 ± 1.26	57.31 ± 5.82	3
Control group	51	6.11 ± 1.82	67.84 ± 4.37	13
χ2		8.356	10.332	7.413
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001	0.007

PCA: Patient-controlled analgesia.

Table 8 Comparison of nausea and vomiting, skin itching, respiratory depression and hypotension between the two groups

Group	n	Nausea and vomiting	Skin itching	Respiratory depression	Hypotension
Observation group	51	3	0	0	0
Control group	51	5	0	2	0
χ2		0.543	-	2.040	-
P value		0.461	-	0.153	-