Meta-Analysis
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Jan 15, 2023; 15(1): 171-185
Published online Jan 15, 2023. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i1.171
Table 1 Characteristics of the studies in meta-analysis
Ref.
Country
Ethnicity
Study design
Sex, male (%); case/control
Mean age (yr); case/control
Smoking (%); case/control
Drinking (%); case/control
HBsAg, positivee (%); case/control
Number cases/controls
Type of control
Case
Control
HWE
TT
TC
CC
TT
TC
CC
Zhang et al[59], 2016ChinaAsianHB70.29/56.2956.13/54.9634.29/30.7950.29/36.09NA175/302Normal or healthy control115491119787180.052
Li et al[60], 2015ChinaAsianPB75.56/75.56≥ 55 yr, 55.26/≥55 yr, 53.3836.47/31.5847.37/36.4741.35/12.03266/250Normal or healthy control150922416683170.140
Yan et al[61], 2015ChinaAsianPB77.74/63.41≥ 55 yr, 55.84/≥ 55 yr, 45.4347.81/42.6858.76/40.5561.31/10.37274/328Normal or healthy control1479829188112280.060
Qi et al[62], 2014ChinaAsianPB83.8/83.850.7/49.638.9/NA27.4/NA83.2/0.0314/406Normal or healthy control195117230110140.157
Chu et al[63], 2014ChinaAsianHB72.34/74.78< 45 yr, 5.05, 45-59 yr, 30.85, ≥ 60 yr, 63.83/< 45 yr, 7.12, 45-59 yr, 40.06, ≥ 60 yr, 52.8242.55/33.2336.17/40.3642.55/13.23188/337Normal or healthy control1196092815510.321
Zhou et al[64], 2012ChinaAsianPB82.8/NA52.1/NANA/NANA/NANA/NA186/483Normal or healthy control141414371100120.100
Xiang et al[65], 2012ChinaAsianHB82/3948.55/47.02NA/NANA/NANA/NA100/100Hepatitis or virus related control3640245235130.081
Xiang et al[65], 2012ChinaAsianHB82/5048.55/45.12NA/NANA/NANA/NA100/100Normal or healthy control3640245436100.284
Kim et al[40], 2012KoreaAsianPBNA/NANA/NANA/NANA/NANA/NA159/201NA/NA1094731207470.278
Zhang et al[48], 2020ChinaAsianHB89.90/90.4753.17/53.7235.96/35.4329.11/16.0370.55/9.21584/923Normal or healthy control40915412669230220.673
Toraih et al[50], 2016EgyptCaucasianHBNA/NANA/NANA/NANA/NANA/NA60/150Normal or healthy control282395766270.307
Fteah et al[56], 2019, Abdel-Hamid et al[57], 2018EgyptCaucasianHB80.00/81.3350.12/50.1154.7/0.0NA/NANA/NA75/75Normal or healthy control413223130140.175
EgyptCaucasianHB78.0/70.055.8/54.434.0/34.0NA/NA6.0/0.050/50Normal or healthy control332151623110.617
Al-Qahtani et al[58], 2017Saudi ArabiaCaucasianHBNA/68.4NA/40.29NA/NANA/NANA/100.00145/585Hepatitis or virus related control487027219273930.607
Al-Qahtani et al[58], 2017Saudi ArabiaCaucasianHBNA/79.7NA/36.33NA/NANA/NANA/100.00145/222Hepatitis or virus related control48702787100350.486
Al-Qahtani et al[58], 2017Saudi ArabiaCaucasianHBNA/94.25NA/37.49NA/NANA/NANA/0.0145/400Normal or healthy control487027148187650.647
Al-Qahtani et al[58], 2017Saudi ArabiaCaucasianHBNA/96.30NA/30.80NA/NANA/NANA/0.0145/600Normal or healthy control487027216291930.758
PB: Population-based; HB: Hospital-based; NA: Not available; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HWE: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Table 2 Quality assessment of the meta-analysis
Ref.
Selection
Comparability of the cases and controls
Exposure
Total stars
Adequate case definition
Representativeness of the cases
Selection of the controls
Definition of Controls
Ascertainment of exposure
Same ascertainment method for cases and controls
Non-response rate
Zhang et al[59], 2016★★-★★★★★-7
Li et al[60], 2015★★★★★★★★-8
Yan et al[61], 2015★★★★★★★-7
Qi et al[62], 2014★★★★★★★-7
Chu et al[63], 2014★★-★★★★★-7
Zhou et al[64], 2012★★★★★★★★-8
Xiang et al[65], 2012★★-★★★★-6
Xiang et al[65], 2012★★-★★★★-6
Kim et al[40], 2012★★★★-★★-6
Zhang et al[48], 2020★★-★★★★★-7
Toraih et al[50], 2016★★-★-★★-5
Fteah et al[56], 2019★★-★★★★★-7
Abdel-Hamid et al[57], 2018★★-★★★★★-7
Al-Qahtani et al[58], 2017★★-★-★★-5
Al-Qahtani et al[58], 2017★★-★-★★-5
Al-Qahtani et al[58], 2017★★-★-★★-5
Al-Qahtani et al[58], 2017★★-★-★★-5
Table 3 Summary of results of the meta-analysis from different comparative genetic model
Genetic comparison
Population
OR (95%CI)
P value
Test of heterogeneity
Model
Power value
P value
I2
C vs TAll1.21 (1.03-1.41)0.019< 0.00174.9%R1.000
Ethnicity
Asians1.32 (1.06-1.64)0.013< 0.00179.4%R1.000
Caucasians1.06 (0.86-1.32)0.5860.01064.2%R-
Study design
HB1.25 (1.01-1.54)0.039< 0.00179.0%R0.999
PB1.13 (0.90-1.42)0.2850.02763.6%R-
Controls
Normal or healthy control1.22 (1.02-1.48)0.034< 0.00177.2%R0.998
Hepatitis or virus related control1.27 (1.07-1.52)0.0070.19239.4%F0.785
NA0.71 (0.49-1.04)0.080----
Nos quality assessment
≥ 7.01.24 (0.97-1.58)0.088< 0.00181.2%R
< 7.01.17 (0.96-1.43)0.2160.00466.2%R
CC vs TTAll1.33 (0.98-1.80)0.0710.00257.3%R-
Ethnicity
Asians1.48 (0.97-2.26)0.0730.02154.0%R-
Caucasians1.16 (0.72-1.87)0.5340.00865.3%R-
Study design
HB1.44 (0.97-2.16)0.074< 0.00167.7%R-
PB1.20 (0.83-1.73)0.3440.5510.0%F-
Controls
Normal or healthy control1.31 (0.88-1.93)0.1830.00162.8%R-
Hepatitis or virus related control1.56 (1.10-2.23)0.0140.32910.1%F0.725
NA0.47 (0.12-1.87)0.285----
Nos quality assessment
≥ 7.01.26 (0.71-2.25)0.4360.0267.3%R
< 7.01.41 (1.01-1.96)0.0140.08643.8%R0.881
CC/CT vs TTAll1.26 (1.04-1.51)0.016< 0.00170.0%R0.999
Ethnicity
Asians1.34 (1.06-1.71)0.016< 0.00175.7%R0.999
Caucasians1.12 (0.83-1.51)0.4680.02159.7%R-
Study design
HB1.32 (1.03-1.70)0.031< 0.00173.1%R0.999
PB1.16 (0.87-1.54)0.3090.01467.9%R-
Controls
Normal or healthy control1.29 (1.03-1.60)0.024< 0.00172.5%R0.999
Hepatitis or virus related control1.37 (1.06-1.77)0.0180.3970.0%F0.697
NA0.68 (0.44-1.05)0.084----
Nos quality assessment
≥ 7.01.33 (1.01-1.76)0.044< 0.00178.2%R0.997
< 7.01.18 (0.92-1.51)0.1910.02656.1%R
CC vs TT/CTAll1.21 (0.96-1.53)0.1090.04939.4%R-
Ethnicity
Asians1.37 (0.95-1.97)0.0950.07742.1%R-
Caucasians1.09 (0.87-1.37)0.4480.12739.6%F-
Study design
HB1.25 (0.93-1.70)0.1450.01453.7%R-
PB1.15 (0.80-1.65)0.4490.6400.0%F-
Controls
Normal or healthy control1.18 (0.87-1.60)0.2840.02947.5%R-
Hepatitis or virus related control1.36 (0.99-1.87)0.0610.4210.0%F-
NA0.53 (0.14-2.10)0.368----
Nos quality assessment
≥ 7.01.08 (0.68-1.71)0.7440.02753.7%R
< 7.01.30 (1.05-1.60)0.0170.28418.5%F0.734
Bold values are statistically significant (P < 0.05). F: Indicates fixed model; R: Indicates random model; PB: Population-based; HB: Hospital-based; NA: Not available; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; NOS: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.