Digital single-operator cholangioscopy for biliary stricture after cadaveric liver transplantation

Table 1 Patients’ characteristics

Patient No.	Age (yr)	Sex	Indication for LT	Post-LT time (mo)	Stent placement status	Number of previous ERCPs
1	42	M	Hepatitis B liver cirrhosis	25	Y	3
2	55	M	Alcoholic liver cirrhosis	6	Y	1
3	55	M	Alcoholic liver cirrhosis	9	Y	1
4	52	M	Hepatitis B liver cirrhosis	7	Y	1
5	47	M	Cryptogenic liver cirrhosis	11	N	0
6	63	F	Hepatitis C liver cirrhosis	6	N	0
7	52	F	Primary biliary cholangitis	17	Y	2
8	52	F	Hepatitis B liver cirrhosis	36	Y	3
9	44	M	Alcoholic liver cirrhosis	26	N	0
10	37	F	Drug-induced liver injury, acute liver failure	2	N	0
11	37	F	Drug-induced liver injury, acute liver failure	4	Y	1
12	54	M	Alcoholic liver cirrhosis	4	N	1
13	42	M	Hepatitis B liver cirrhosis, acute liver failure	30	N	0
14	54	M	Hepatocellular carcinoma/hepatitis B	17	Y	2
15	72	F	Cryptogenic liver cirrhosis	20	N	0
16	41	F	Primary biliary cholangitis	21	N	0
17	59	M	Cryptogenic liver cirrhosis	13	N	0
18	49	M	Alcoholic liver cirrhosis	15	N	0
19	49	M	Hepatitis B liver cirrhosis	17	Y	0

LT: Liver transplantation; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Table 2 Patients’ endoscopic diagnosis and treatment

Patient No.	Finding of ERCP	Findings of DSOC	Biliary stricture classification by DSOC	Endoscopic intervention
1	NAS	NAS; AS; stone; suture	Type B	Extraction of stones; MSP
2	NAS	AS; stone; suture	Type C	Extraction of stones; MSP
3	NAS	AS; stone; suture	Type D	MSP; ENBD
4	NAS	AS; stone	Type B	CAGP; balloon dilation; extraction of stones; MSP
5	AS	AS; stone; suture	Type A	CAGP; laser lithotripsy; balloon dilation; extraction of stones; MSP
6	NAS	Space-occupying lesions		Biopsy
7	AS	AS; stone; suture	Type B	Extraction of stones; MSP
8	AS	AS; stone; suture	Type B	Extraction of stones; MSP
9	AS, stone	AS; stone	Type A	Balloon dilation; laser lithotripsy; extraction of stones; ENBD
10	AS	AS; stone; suture	Type B	Balloon dilation; SSP
11	AS	AS; suture	Type B	Balloon dilation; MSP
12	AS	AS	Type B	Balloon dilation; MSP
13	AS, stone	AS; stone	Type A	Extraction of stones; ENBD
14	NAS; stone	AS; stone	Type B	Extraction of stones; MSP
15	AS	AS	Type A	CAGP; bougienage; SSP
16	AS	AS	Type A	CAGP; bougienage; SSP
17	AS	AS	Type A	Balloon dilation; SSP
18	AS	AS	Type C	ENBD
19	NAS	NAS; AS	Type B	MSP

AS: Anastomotic stricture; non-AS: Non-anastomotic stricture; DSOC: Digital single-operator peroral cholangioscopy; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; CAGP: Cholangioscopy-assisted guidewire placement; SSP: Single plastic stent placement; MSP: Multiple plastic stent placement; ENBD: Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage.