Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Jun 15, 2021; 13(6): 509-535
Published online Jun 15, 2021. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i6.509
Published online Jun 15, 2021. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i6.509
Table 1 Imaging techniques and contrast agents applied for the detection of woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma
Imaging technique | Contrast agent | Brand name | Ref. |
Ultrasonography | Air-filled albumin microspheres | [195] | |
Cyanacrylate polymer microparticles | SHU563A | [196] | |
Dodecafluoropentane emulsion | EchoGen | [197,198] | |
Galactose microparticles/palmitic acid | Levovist | [199-201] | |
Perflexane-filled lipid microspheres | Imagent | [202] | |
Perfluoropropane-filled albumin microspheres | Optison/FS069 | [95,200,201,203,204] | |
Scintigraphy | 99mTc-sulfur colloid | [205] | |
Positron-emission tomography | [1-11C]acetate | [206-208] | |
[1-14C]acetate | [207] | ||
[N-methyl-11C]choline | [206,209,210] | ||
[18F]clofarabine | [211] | ||
[18F]fluoro-ethylcholine | [210] | ||
Anti-1-amino-3-[18F]fluoro-cyclobutyl-1-carboxylic acid | [212] | ||
2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose | [208,209,213] | ||
6-deoxy-6[18F]fluoro-D-glucose | [206,209,210] | ||
L-[S-methyl-11C]methionine | [212] | ||
3-deoxy-3-[18F]fluoro-thymidine | [214] | ||
Magnetic resonance imaging | Gadolinium | Gadavist or Omniscan | [157,179,185] |
Gadopentetate dimeglumine | Magnevist | [158,189] | |
Iron oxide | [215,216] | ||
Computed tomography | Biodegradable radiopaque fiducial markers based on polymers and iodine | Ioversol, Isovue-370, Optiray300, or Optiray350 | [152,153,159,186,206] |
Diatrizoic acid | Angiografin | [190] | |
Meglumine iotroxate | Biliscopin | [151] | |
Iohexol | Omnipaque or Omnipaque350 | [157,188] |
Table 2 Nucleos(t)ide analogs evaluated in woodchucks for safety and antiviral efficacy against hepatitis B virus
Antiviral drug | Abbreviation | Brand name | Ref. |
Adefovir dipivoxil | ADV | Hepsera | [217-219] |
Clevudine1 | CLV or L-FMAU | Levovir and Revovir | [172,220-222] |
Emtricitabine | FTC | Coviracil | [219,221,223,224] |
Entecavir1 | ETV | Baraclude | [171,225-228] |
Lamivudine1 | LAM or 3TC | Epivir | [164,165,194,219,229] |
Telbivudine | LdT | Tyzeka | [230-232] |
Tenofovir alafenamide | TAF | Vemlidy | [233] |
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate | TDF | Viread | [219] |
Valtorcitabine | LdC | [230-232] |
Table 3 Immunomodulators evaluated in woodchucks for safety and antiviral efficacy against hepatitis B virus
Immunomodulator | Compound name | Brand name | Ref. |
IFN-α | [192,226,228,229] | ||
RIG-I/NOD2 agonist | SB 9200 | Inarigivir | [227] |
TLR7 agonist | GS-96201 | Vesatolimod | [173] |
APR002 | [225] | ||
RG7854 | [38] | ||
TLR8 agonist | GS-9688 | Selgantolimod | [174] |
TLR9 agonist | CpG-ODN | [234] | |
TLR9-dependent and -independent pathways | AIC649 | [235] | |
JVRS-1002 | [175] | ||
Viral gene expression inhibitor | RG7834 | [226] | |
Immune checkpoint inhibitor | Anti-PD-L1 | [236] |
- Citation: Suresh M, Menne S. Application of the woodchuck animal model for the treatment of hepatitis B virus-induced liver cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13(6): 509-535
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v13/i6/509.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v13.i6.509