Copyright
©The Author(s) 2019.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Oct 15, 2019; 11(10): 887-897
Published online Oct 15, 2019. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i10.887
Published online Oct 15, 2019. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i10.887
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of non-steatohepatitis patients without and with hepatocellular carcinoma
Variable | Total (n = 33) | Patients without HCC (n = 19) | Patients with HCC (n = 14) | P value |
Age (yr) | 73 (66–77) | 73 (68–77) | 72 (66–78) | NS |
Sex (male ⁄ female) | 20 ⁄ 13 | 9 ⁄ 10 | 11 ⁄ 3 | NS |
HBV/HCV/AIH | 20/9/4 | 11/5/3 | 9/4/1 | NS |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.2 (3.8-4.5) | 4.4 (4.3-4.6) | 4.0 (3.8-4.1) | < 0.05 |
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.8 (0.7-1.2) | 0.8 (0.8-1.2) | 0.9 (0.6-1.2) | NS |
Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | 29 (25-38) | 29 (26-34) | 28 (24-4) | NS |
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 24 (17-36) | 21 (17-34) | 27 (19-38) | NS |
Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L) | 314 (233-442) | 314 (232-451) | 343 (2252-432) | NS |
γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (IU/L) | 34 (24-45) | 34 (24-43) | 38 (24-63) | NS |
Prothrombin time (%) | 83 (75-90) | 81 (77-86) | 88 (68-96) | NS |
Child–Pugh score | 5.0 (5-6) | 5.0 (5-5) | 5.0 (5-6) | NS |
Platelet count (× 104⁄μL) | 12.9 (9.2-15.1) | 11.9 (9.1-14.5) | 13.6 (9.9-16.2) | NS |
Maximum tumor size (cm) | 1.2 (1.1-1.3) | |||
Total tumor volume (cm3) | 6.3 (5.0-14.2) | |||
UICC TNM stage (stage 1/stage 2/stage 3) | 1/9/4 |
Table 2 Diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Variable | OR (95%CI) | P value |
Univariate analysis | ||
AFP > 10 ng/mL | 1.67 (0.332-8.37) | 0.535 |
DCP > 40 mAU/mL | 8.00 (0.776-82.5) | 0.0806 |
AFP-L3% > 5% | 1.35 (0.999-1.84) | 0.0221 |
VEGF > 60pg/mL | 2.67 (0.630-1.3) | 0.183 |
VEGFR-2 > 6500 pg/mL | 2.83 (0.666-12.0) | 0.159 |
Total carnitine (per 1 μmol/L increase) | 0.979 (0.933-1.03) | 0.380 |
Free carnitine (per 1 μmol/L increase) | 0.991 (0.943-1.04) | 0.710 |
Acylcarnitine (per 1 μmol/L increase) | 0.0865 (0.0158-0.475) | 0.0049 |
Multivariate analysis | ||
Acylcarnitine (per 1 μmol/L increase) | 0.0941 (0.00137-0.646) | 0.0162 |
Table 3 Profiles of acylcarnitine in non-steatohepatitis patients without and with hepatocellular carcinoma
Variable | Patients without HCC (n = 19) | Patients with HCC (n = 14) | P value |
Acetylcarnitine (AC2) | 3.96 (3.33–4.92) | 2.06 (1.335–2.255) | < 0.05 |
Propionylcarnitine (AC3) | 0.339 (0.2875–0.4115) | 0.3375 (< 0.24–0.473) | NS |
Butyrylcarnitine (AC4) | < 0.1 (< 0.1–0.1) | 0.0795 (< 0.1–0.196) | NS |
Isovalerylcarnitine (AC5) | < 0.06 (< 0.06–0.1085) | < 0.06 (< 0.06–0.0787) | NS |
Glutarylcarnitine (AC5DC) | < 0.05 (< 0.05–0.05) | < 0.05 (< 0.05–0.05) | NS |
3-hydroxy isovalerylcarnitine (AC5OH) | < 0.1 (< 0.1–0.1) | < 0.1 (< 0.1–0.1) | NS |
Hexanoylcarnitine (AC6) | 0.0531 (< 0.05–0.0596) | < 0.05 (< 0.05–0.05) | < 0.05 |
Octanoylcarnitine (AC8) | 0.176 (0.1425–0.2375) | 0.0871 (0.0622–0.11025) | < 0.05 |
Decanoylcarnitine (AC10) | 0.335 (0.256–0.432) | 0.1315 (0.099675–0.171) | < 0.05 |
Dodecanolycarnitine (AC12) | 0.105 (0.0849–0.1335) | 0.02725 (0–0.06195) | < 0.05 |
Myristoylcarnitine (AC14) | < 0.06 (< 0.06–0.06) | < 0.06 (< 0.06–0.06) | NS |
Myristoleylcarnitine (AC14:1) | 0.185 (0.134–0.2325) | 0.07825 (0.06305–0.09855) | < 0.05 |
Palmitoylcarnitine (AC16) | 0.133 (0.1255–0.1485) | 0.116 (0.10425–0.1310) | NS |
3-hydroxy palmitoylcarnitine (AC16OH) | < 0.03 (< 0.03–0.03) | < 0.03 (< 0.0 –0.03) | NS |
Octadecanoylcarnitine (AC18) | 0.0429 (0.03245–0.04775) | 0.03315 (0.006625–0.039525 | < 0.05 |
Oleoylcarnitine (AC18:1) | 0.871 (0.6825–1.0350) | 0.721 (0.61275–0.83775) | NS |
3-hydroxy octadecenoylcarnitine (AC18:1OH) | < 0.025 (< 0.025–0.02615) | < 0.025 (< 0.025–0.025) | NS |
Short-chain fatty acids (AC2–AC6) | 4.3362 (3.83995–5.561750) | 2.4316 (1.86085–2.994125) | < 0.05 |
Medium-chain fatty acids (AC8 + AC10) | 0.50600 (0.40700–0.69100) | 0.21385 (0.16545–0.28075) | < 0.05 |
Long-chain fatty acid (AC12–AC18:1OH) | 1.3668 (1.106550–1.5871) | 0.9425 (0.836625–1.1087) | < 0.05 |
- Citation: Takaya H, Namisaki T, Kitade M, Shimozato N, Kaji K, Tsuji Y, Nakanishi K, Noguchi R, Fujinaga Y, Sawada Y, Saikawa S, Sato S, Kawaratani H, Moriya K, Akahane T, Yoshiji H. Acylcarnitine: Useful biomarker for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-steatohepatitis patients. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11(10): 887-897
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v11/i10/887.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v11.i10.887