Microbiota regulation in constipation and colorectal cancer

Figure 1 A flow diagram of the mechanism of how clostridium perfringens causes DNA damage and hence which mutations leading to colorectal cancer. CRC: Colorectal cancer; FX: Farnesoid X; TGR5: G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 5.

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the role of intestinal bacteria in constipation and bowel cancer. TLR: Toll-like receptor; NF-κB: Nuclear factor-κB; B. fragilis: Bacteroides fragilis; F. nucleatum: Fusobacterium nucleatum.