Preoperative prediction of malignant potential of 2-5 cm gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors by computerized tomography-based radiomics

Figure 1 Flowchart of patient inclusion and exclusion. CECT: Contrast-enhanced computerized tomography; GISTs: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Figure 2 Two examples of computerized tomography images and tumor delineation (red color). The left one was proven low-grade malignant potential, and the right one was proven high-grade malignant potential by pathological analyses with mitotic counts.

Figure 3 Decision trees generated by XGboost method for classification. Radiomics score is the sum of the scores from the two trees.

Figure 4 Nomogram for the prediction. The radiomics score was combined with three computerized tomography findings: Necrosis, calcification, and ulceration.

Figure 5 Receiver operating characteristic curves for radiological model, radiomics model, and nomogram model. AUC: Area under the curve.

Figure 6 Decision curve of analysis. The nomogram model produces increased benefit in the whole range of risk thresholds.