Exosomal biomarkers: A novel frontier in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v17.i4.103591

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Apr 15, 2025 (publication date) through Mar 25, 2025

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Review

World J Gastrointest Oncol. Apr 15, 2025; 17(4): 103591
Published online Apr 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i4.103591

Exosomal biomarkers: A novel frontier in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers

Yuan Zhang, Ning-Ning Yue, Li-Yu Chen, Cheng-Mei Tian, Jun Yao, Li-Sheng Wang, Yu-Jie Liang, Dao-Ru Wei, Hua-Lin Ma, De-Feng Li

Yuan Zhang, Li-Yu Chen, Li-Sheng Wang, De-Feng Li, Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China

Yuan Zhang, Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute for Occupational Health, Huizhou 516000, Guangdong Province, China

Ning-Ning Yue, Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China

Cheng-Mei Tian, Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China

Jun Yao, Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences), Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China

Yu-Jie Liang, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China

Dao-Ru Wei, Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China

Hua-Lin Ma, Department of Nephrology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China

Co-first authors: Yuan Zhang and Ning-Ning Yue.

Co-corresponding authors: Hua-Lin Ma and De-Feng Li.

Author contributions: Liang YJ contributed towards the conceiving and illustration of this manuscript; Zhang Y, Yue NN, and Li DF were responsible for writing of this review; Chen LY and Tian CM were responsible for assisting in collecting the literature and revising this review; Wei DR and Ma HL provided some suggestions; Yao J and Wang LS contributed to discussion; Zhang Y and Yue NN have made equal contributions to the drafting of the manuscript and the organization of the literature as co-first authors of this manuscript. Ma HL and Li DF have made equal contributions to the conception and revision of the manuscript and as co-corresponding authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: De-Feng Li, MD, PhD, Associate Chief Physician, Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No. 1017 Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China. li.defeng@szhospital.com

Received: November 28, 2024
Revised: January 24, 2025
Accepted: February 25, 2025
Published online: April 15, 2025
Processing time: 121 Days and 14.7 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: In this comprehensive review, we explore the innovative potential of exosomal biomarkers in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Liquid biopsy, a non-invasive diagnostic approach, has revolutionized early detection of GI cancers by leveraging the presence of exosomes in body fluids. These exosomes, rich in tumor-derived proteins, lipids, microRNAs, and RNAs, serve as reflective indicators of tumorigenesis and progression. Our analysis underscores the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value of exosomes, while also highlighting the clinical evidence supporting their application. We critically discuss the challenges in utilizing exosomes as biomarkers and their implications for early diagnosis, molecular analysis in GI cancers.