Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Apr 15, 2024; 16(4): 1596-1612
Published online Apr 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1596
Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis C genotype 3 infection: A systematic review
Hamzah Z Farooq, Michael James, Jane Abbott, Patrick Oyibo, Pip Divall, Naheed Choudhry, Graham R Foster
Hamzah Z Farooq, Michael James, Jane Abbott, Naheed Choudhry, Graham R Foster, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
Patrick Oyibo, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom
Pip Divall, University Hospitals of Leicester Library, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
Author contributions: Farooq HZ, Choudhry N, and Foster GR contributed to conceptualization; Farooq HZ, James M, and Abbott J contributed to data curation; Farooq HZ and Oyibo P contributed to formal analysis; Farooq HZ and Foster GR contributed to funding acquisition; Farooq HZ and James M contributed to investigation; Farooq HZ and Foster GR contributed to methodology; Foster GR contributed to supervision; Farooq HZ and Oyibo P contributed to validation; Farooq HZ and Oyibo P contributed to visualization; Farooq HZ and Foster GR contributed to roles/writing-original draft; all authors contributed to writing-review and editing.
Supported by the Clinical Research Fellowship Grant from the Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom, No. 227516/Z/23/Z.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Hamzah Z Farooq, MBChB, MRCP, MSc, Doctor, Research Fellow, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom. hamzah.farooq@qmul.ac.uk
Received: November 17, 2023
Peer-review started: November 17, 2023
First decision: December 11, 2023
Revised: December 21, 2023
Accepted: January 23, 2024
Article in press: January 23, 2024
Published online: April 15, 2024
Processing time: 145 Days and 11 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype-3 accounts for 17.9% of HCV infections with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) globally. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we screened 4144 records to find only seven studies which study risk factors for HCC. Conducted primarily in Global South hospital settings, the studies encompassed 9621 participants, revealing cirrhosis and age as consistent risk factors for HCC. While cirrhosis and age emerge as contributors, the scarcity of studies underscores the urgent need for expanded research. Limited evidence exists on other factors, emphasising the need for further research to understand specific risk contributors to HCC secondary to HCV Genotype-3.