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World J Gastrointest Oncol. May 15, 2021; 13(5): 351-365
Published online May 15, 2021. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i5.351
Biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma based on body fluids and feces
Ming-Cheng Guan, Wei Ouyang, Ming-Da Wang, Lei Liang, Na Li, Ting-Ting Fu, Feng Shen, Wan-Yee Lau, Qiu-Ran Xu, Dong-Sheng Huang, Hong Zhu, Tian Yang
Ming-Cheng Guan, Wei Ouyang, Na Li, Ting-Ting Fu, Hong Zhu, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
Ming-Da Wang, Feng Shen, Wan-Yee Lau, Tian Yang, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital (Navy Medical University), Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
Lei Liang, Qiu-Ran Xu, Dong-Sheng Huang, Tian Yang, Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Minimal Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
Lei Liang, Qiu-Ran Xu, Dong-Sheng Huang, Tian Yang, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
Wan-Yee Lau, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Author contributions: Guan MC and Ouyang W drafted the manuscript; Wang MD and Liang L prepared the figures and tables; Li N, Fu TT, and Xu QR provided important intellectual input in writing the paper; Shen F and Lau WY critically revised and finalized the draft; Huang DS, Zhu H, and Yang T designed the outline and coordinated the writing of the paper; Guan MC and Ouyang W contributed equally to this work.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81972726, No. 81871949 and No. 81572345.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Tian Yang, MD, Doctor, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital (Navy Medical University), Second Military Medical University, No. 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China. yangtian6666@hotmail.com
Received: December 21, 2020
Peer-review started: December 21, 2020
First decision: January 17, 2021
Revised: January 18, 2021
Accepted: April 13, 2021
Article in press: April 13, 2021
Published online: May 15, 2021
Processing time: 136 Days and 21.2 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy of the liver, ranking as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Recent developments of multiple novel biomarkers from body fluids and feces facilitate diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma. This review aimed to focus on these blood-, urine-, and feces-based biomarkers including proteins, metabolites, circulating nucleic acids, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, and gut microbiota on clinical application of these biomarkers.